A machine for living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A machine for living - Essay Example This aspect of phenomenology in architecture is referent to both a philosophy that had a significant influence on contemporary architecture, as well as an experience of building materials and built space in sensory aspects. The environment in phenomenology is defined concretely as the place, while what occurs within it â€Å"Take’s place†. The place is made up of concrete things that have material color, texture, shape, and texture, which coalesce to create the character or atmosphere of the environment. In turn, this atmosphere enhances specific spaces to embody variant properties according to the unique environmental and cultural functions that they exist in2. This research paper will seek to evaluate the meaning of the architectural phenomenology experience in terms of conscious and unconscious vision. Interpretation of the phenomenological experience using these two aspects will be carried out using two works by Le Corbusier; the Villa Savoyet started in 1928 and the Ronchampe in 1945. The two works by Le Corbusier show marked difference in terms of integrating conscious and unconscious vision in their architectural concepts. The Villa Savoyet was a masterwork in purist design and acts as one of the best achievements of Le Corbusier in creating a house that was a machine for living in3. Along with other Villas created by le Corbusier during this period, the Villa Savoyet was demonstrative of precision architecture in which every feature of the design is justified in urban and design terms, emphasizing conscious vision. However, his work in the mid to latter part of the 20th century, including the Ronchampe, testified to a shift in this concept of visual precision, instead showing a duality of architectural experience with regards to conscious and unconscious vision, which is a major element of architectural phenomenology4. Le Corbusier’s early work, especially in the 20s, was a lighting rod for many architectural

Theory of Asymmetric Conflict

Theory of Asymmetric Conflict Within this assignment I will be critically evaluating the usefulness of Asymmetric conflict and also looking at the legitimacy of motivations for the use of political violence. To support this argument Northern Ireland will be used as the main case study within this assignment. Firstly I will be defining what is meant by asymmetric violence. The majority of conflicts that happen within the modern world are not between states, but rather between contesting groups that are within states, or between combatants and existing states. Within (Aggestam,2002) book, he suggests that these types of conflicts can often be classified as asymmetric because the stronger party, frequently a state authority, is able to draw upon a various number of power resources that widens its range of strategies in conflict. Whereas, on the other hand non-state actors are much more restrained and limited in the options that they have. Aggestam, also reported that there is an imbalance in the available means to wage conflict and the ability to do so, In the levels of losses that can be sustained, or the resources to sustain a prolonged conflict. A good example of this would be the forces that surrounded the conflict within Northern Ireland which emerged in the late 1960s, which widely became known as troubles, this resulted in the deaths of more than 3,600 people. Within recent years Asymmetric conflict has grown into prominence and use while there still remains no universal agreement as to their meaning. The term asymmetric warfare has been used in the context of new terrorism to refer to non-state forces using unconventional and unpredictable acts of political violence against states. (Martin, 2006, pp. 270-271). Asymmetric conflicts that happen between state and non-state actors does not just relate to military resources. (Mitchell, 1991) highlights the importance of asymmetry when determining the conflict that is happening. These typically include lack of access to legal redress or legitimate political representation. In asymmetric conflict, groups can usually find themselves without effective access to the political system, the reason for this is that historically they might have been deliberately marginalized within the state; this was the case of the catholic minority population in Northern Ireland. States often have and use the power to construct and structure notions of legitimacy and to enforce state legitimacy through dominant discourses and political and legal processes. However challenges to the state from members of non-state groups often begin from a presumption of illegitimacy, in the groups interest, legitimacy, this becomes a kind of moral judgment that contributes to the asymmetry of conflict. (Paul, 1994) points out that weak states (Or weak groups) may often begin conflict, especially when they believe that the specific situation will in somewhat stay the same or progress into something worse if they do not take action. Terrorism has often been viewed as the weapon of the weak that is directed at a stronger adversary. the perceptions of a group that believes that there is great injustice against them, or even that their continued existence is threatened and may be in danger can often provide the weaker group with the sufficient resolve to battle against the stronger power, (Mack, 1975) states his research around Vietnam, he says that where a weaker group of indigenous insurgents proved successful in defeating the military forces, firstly in France and then the USA, this highlights just how important the beliefs of the non-state actors are in determining the resolve of combatants. Both France and the USA were unable to marshal sufficient domestic support for the continued commitment that would have been necessary to secure a military victory. (Mitchell, 1991) agrees with Aggestam, in highlighting the importance of perception in understanding what constitutes asymmetry. In conflict situation, it is possible for both sides to believe that they suffer from structural weakness. (Rouhan and Fiske, 1995) point out a great example of this, the example is that Israel considers itself weak against the Arab world, but the Palestinians see themselves as less powerful against Israel. This is described as survivability. Macks assertion that it is the relationship between the belligerents that is the key factor in terms of asymmetry, (Mack, 1975, p.81) looks at the views of combatants and how they are changed by others, he also looks at how relationships are altered to the point where overt conflict can end, or at least be transformed. However one answer is obviously clear in that a victory for one side over the other does not necessarily mean a victory for the b est equipped army or state. However, there are other answers; these include various forms of mediation, resolution, negotiation or transformation of the conflict to a point where agreement can be reached between the contesting groups. (Ruane and Todd, 2007) said while it has been suggested that, historically, symmetric conflicts may have leant themselves to a greater openness to mediation, it is clear that asymmetric conflicts can also be brought to negotiation under certain conditions. (Quinn et al, 2006) and (Mitchell, 1991) both argue that once the parties involved have both agreed to come to the negotiating table, asymmetry offers a distinct advantage because the same promises and commitments do not have to be made to different groups, as a result of this, instead, different rewards and benefits can be offered, a factor that prevents further conflict from taking place over the same goods or resources. (Quinn et al, 2006) argues that, although the stronger party has the ability t o take action against the weaker enemy, this may provoke an extreme reaction and end up starting a new round of conflict. This in itself can act as a deterrent. However when the stronger party enters the negotiations and agrees to change and compromise, this can move the peace process along quickly because all recognise they are making concessions from a position of strength. (Aggestam, 2002) says that for a weaker party, negotiations can become attractive, this is due to the possible involvement of outside forces, thus leading to international intervention that in turn may guarantee legal regulation and legitimacy for their position. Looking at (Zartman, 2003) idea of the mutually hurting stalemate , he believes that when this moment is finally reached, the parties that are involved view the conflict as ripe, as a result of this they put out feelers as to the possibility of an accord. Once both negotiations begin, both asymmetric and symmetric conflicts face a number of problems. (Aggestam, 2002) points out that the resulting agreement of peace might be intentionally ambiguous, in order to ensure that the parties sign up for the new settlement. This was certainly the case for Northern Ireland where the agreement was interpreted very differently by all the major parties that were involved. As Aggestam stated, however this may in turn open up a host of new disagreements as actors argue about interpretation and implementation, for example, such as the demands by the unionist within Northern Ireland for disarming republican paramilitaries before agreed political structures could be set within place and action. While looking at Northern Ireland it is possible to conceptualize the entire history of this countrys state as one of asymmetric conflict. Northern Ireland was contested from its formation, and the outcome of this it created a result of the 1920 Government of Ireland Act following negotiations after a war of independence in Ireland. This itself is seen an asymmetric conflict. However as a result of this, it led to the partition of the Island, Leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom. The minority of the Catholic nationalist that remained within Northern Ireland complained that the new set-up was marked by discrimination in employment, a partial distribution of resources such as housing, and a number of inequalities in relation to electoral practice and the organization of the security forces. This served to alienate the minority from the state whose legitimacy they already denied. However (Mack, 1975) has little problem labelling the conflict within Northern Ireland as asymm etric. Mack saw the parties as the powerful and well-equipped British Army and the smaller insurgent republican force. However (Mitchell,1991) views of the conflict detected structural asymmetry in terms of access, with nationalists as victims of asymmetric access, where adversaries are likely to have very different abilities to voice their concerns and have them dealt with. When looking at the conflict that was happening within Northern Ireland a number of asymmetric factors can be detected. Most obvious, in terms of military might, were the resources of the British state, which vastly outranked and outgunned those of the republican paramilitaries. From what is stated above it is clearly identifiable that the conflict within Northern Ireland to be labelled as asymmetric, whereby the weaker combatants, in this case paramilitary organization used non-traditional strategies to engage a stronger opponent, the British state. In order for the peace process in Ireland to succeed all major actors needed to be brought to the point where a minimal but broad consensus among political leaders and the population at large about the desirability of common future could be constructed. The peace process within Northern Ireland was a product of recognition of realities by all participants in the conflict. For Irish republicans this involved acknowledgement that the goal of a united Ireland was unattainable in the short or medium terms and that there was a scant utility in a campaign of violence designed to sicken the brits into withdrawal from Northern Ireland. When looking at the asymmetric conflict theory and (Mack, 1975) article why big nation lose small wars, his analysis focused mostly on the French and their defeat in Algeria and the U.S defeat in Vietnam, Asymmetry of the power to win war was systematically and inversely related to the political vulnerability of each respective actor. However Macks arguments begin with power asymmetry and this shows how power asymmetry generally lead to interest asymmetry, this is where weak actors are perfectly interested because their very survival is at stake, strong actors marginally interested because their survival is in no way threatened. However interest asymmetry essentially leads to a form of inverse political vulnerability, this is because weak actors are resolute and they do not suffer politically from military setbacks, whereas strong actors become vulnerable to even the most minor setback as the war is carried on. Therefore Macks analysis primarily considers the motivations of states or quasi-states as actors and how structural relationships implies other asymmetries which aggregate to explain the outcomes, this means that weak actors will win whenever an asymmetric conflict lasts longer than expected, this was the case for the United states losing the Vietnam war because the North Vietnamese where fanatically committed to victory and the U.S was not. This resulted in the conflict lasting far beyond what the United States anticipated. Although Macks theory of asymmetric conflict is a powerful piece of analysis, it leads to an unresolved question and that is, why dont strong actors lose asymmetric conflicts more often than they do. When looking at Power, threat and intensity around the Arab-Israeli conflict and considering asymmetry, it is clear that from the findings within (Rouhana and Fiske, 1995) journal that the power relation between the Jewish and Arab communities in Israel are asymmetric by consensus, as both attribute more power to the Jewish community. As for asymmetry of power it is clear than both groups involved agree that the Jewish population has more power. However the findings within the Journal specifically state that there are implications for the future of the relationship between Israel and its Arab citizens, particularly after the recent agreements between Israel and the Palestinians. This is due to the fact that Israel is a state with two groups of citizens, both of them aware that only one group, the Jewish majority, Asymmetrically controls institutional power, However this is likely to be challenged by the minority, for example, the stronger that the minority grows or becomes, demographically, economically and politically the more likely that it will become to challenge the asymmetric power distribution. Even in drastically asymmetric institution power relations between the groups in conflict, not all types of power are asymmetric; power asymmetry is better measured by referring to types of power rather than just one type of power. However if a dynamic Palestinian polity emerges within the West bank and Gaza, it could actually be strengthened by a heightened sense of intensity of conflict over power, as it states within the journal the Jewish majority shows a profound sense of threat, some of which originates in the existence of the Arab minority itself, except for common concern over Israeli democracy. However the two groups do not seem to share any sources of reassurance or threat and this then brings to the question of shared identity between the two groups who are both citizens of the same state. (Smooha, 1984, 1992) specifically argues that the Arabs that are in Israel have developed a strong component of Israeli identity. (Rouhana, 1993) postulates that the Israeli component of the Arabs collective identity does not include a sense of belonging towards the state. This develops a sense of attachment because the uninational superstructure excludes their identity, this might be the case that the absence of identity is related to the perception of gross asymmetry in the distribution of institutional power, if only one group, the majority is perceived to control institutional power and the minority is somehow perceived to be excluded from the power centres, including determining the character of the state, distribution of political repre sentation and economic power, then it is possible that genuine power sharing is required as a prior condition for the development of collective identity. As we all know today Asymmetric wars are being used and waged for reasons such as political violence, religious, ethnic, economical and criminal reasons. However terrorism as asymmetric warfare threatens global security, suicide bombings are a severely dangerous part of asymmetrical warfare and that everything should be done in order to stop the attacks from happening. It could be said that all nations must unite and support each other in the global war of terrorism; however some countries are taking advantage of the attacks within other countries to settle their personal scores with the weaker adversaries. Today Israel has labelled Palestinian struggle for statehood as terrorism, Asymmetrical warfare and even terrorism cannot be eradicated by crushing the legitimate rights of aggressive people, Extremists groups for example the Al-Qaeda will keep finding a way to sprout up and will no doubt continue their asymmetrical struggles till justice is done. There are many ways that conflicts can be defined as asymmetric; these include differentiated access to material resources, access to political decision-making processes or the legal structure of the state. However it is of course possible to define recent history of conflicts in Northern Ireland in this way. However the development of the peace process highlighted an increase in recognition by both state and non-state actors that stalemate had emerged and that military victory or defeat for either side did not seem probable. However the key points that emerged from Northern Ireland is the potential for manipulation or perception during pea ce negotiations, constructive ambiguity in the process allowed republican and unionist leaderships to offer different rewards to their communities. In this sense, Aggestams argument that an asymmetric conflict is resolvable when different rewards can be offered to each side emphasises on parity of esteem for the national aspirations and identities of unionists and Irish nationalists created a space in which self determination could appear to be realized without altering the status of Northern Ireland. However it is the adjustment to the perception of a conflict bases on symmetry of need, rather than resources and military will, that fostered a peace agreement in what was previously thought to be an intractable situation. References: Aggestam, K. (2002). Mediating Conflict. Mediterranean Politics. 7 (1), 69-91. Mack, A. (1975). Why big nations lose small wars:. The politics of asymmetric conflict. world politics, 27 (2), 175-200. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.libaccess.hud.ac.uk/stable/2009880?pq-origsite=summon. McAuley, J., McGlynn, C., Tonge, J. (2008). Conflict resolution in asymmetric and symmetric situations: Northern Ireland as a case study in. Dynamics of asymmetric conflict, 10 , 88-102. doi: 10.1080/17467580802284712. Mitchell, C.R. (1991). Classifying conflicts. Asymmetry and resolution. 518 , 23-38. Paul, T.V. (1994). Asymmetric conflicts: war initiation by weaker powers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Quinn, D., Wilkenfeld, J., Smarick, K., Asal, A. (2006). Power play: Mediation in symmetric and asymmetric international crises.. International interactions. 32 , 441-470. Rouhan, N. Fiske, S. (1995). Perception of power, threat and conflict intensity in asymmetric intergroup conflict:. Arab and Jewish citizens of Israel. Journal of conflict resolution, 39 (1), 49-81. doi: 10.1177/0022002795039001003.

The Power of Peer Pressure :: Peer Pressure Essays

According L K Cardin Smith and S a Fowler from the department of continuing education. â€Å"Classroom peers can serve as powerful sources of reinforcement in increasing or maintaining both the positive and negative behaviors of their classmates. In two experiments, we examined the effectiveness of a peer-monitored token system on reducing disruption and nonparticipation during a transition period of a kindergarten class for behaviorally impaired children. Additionally, the effect of providing and subsequently withholding corrective feedback to peer mediators on the accuracy of their point awards was evaluated. Results in Experiment 1 suggest that both teacher- and peer-monitored interventions were successful in decreasing disruption and increasing participation of monitored peers. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that peer monitors could successfully initiate the token system without prior adult implementation. Analysis of the point awards in both experiments indicates that peer m onitors consistently awarded points that were earned. However, when corrective feedback was withdrawn the peer monitors frequently awarded points that were not earned, i.e., they rarely withheld points for undesirable behavior. Even so, the monitored peers' disruptive behavior was maintained at low rates.† Teens aren't the only affected by it. It’s an epidemic. That challenges everyone, not only kids or teens but teens and adults alike. â€Å"The main consequence of saying no to negative peer pressure is not just withstanding "The heat of the moment," as most adults think. Rather, it is coping with a sense of exclusion as others engage in the behavior and leave the adolescent increasingly alone. It is the loss of the shared experience. Further, the sense of exclusion remains whenever the group later recounts what happened. This feeling of loneliness then becomes pervasive but carries an easy solution -- go along with the crowd.† (MICHAEL RIERA, Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers) (http://www.notable-quotes.com/p/peer_pressure_quotes.html#JFfXdBCK18YwLwIx.99) Peer Pressure affects everyone differently. For example, adults might be pressured to do something for work. The loss of what would happen if they didn't do it is the motivation. Sounds like blackmail, to me. However teens might be pressured into something by their friends this could go either way. Before I go much farther. There’s two types of peer pressure positive and negative. Positive is when someone helps you to do something that you wouldn't have had the courage to do on your own. Some examples could include doing a sole in choir, or trying out for a sport. Negative peer pressure however, is when someone constantly tells you should try it.

A comparison of english and german contract law

Contracts are part and parcel of our daily activities; they are basically agreements that people make, a fulfillment of which will benefit the two parties. The most common contracts that people make are either implied or oral. They may not have a legal binding where one party can sue the other for breaching to perform it.However, there are serious agreements that are made between parties which require a legal binding to protect them just incase a complication arises. The law of contract may have different meanings and implications depending on the country of implementations. However, the process of the contract is the same where two parties agree on doing something and thereafter accompanying their words by the action of performing the task.IntroductionA contract can be defined as an agreement between two or more people to perform a certain task. A contract may take different forms depending on the parties that are entering into it. A contract may therefore be written, verbal or impl ied. The best and common form of contract that takes place in our day to day life is that of buying and selling (Zumbansen, 2005). The buyer will look at the commodity while the seller will persuade him to buy it by explaining about the satisfaction derived from consuming the product.Once he buyer is convinced about the product he or she agrees to the terms and as an evidence of his liking, he or she gives the seller an amount equal to the commodity. A contract is therefore termed as complete when the seller receives the price and the buyer the commodity. There are some distinctions and similarities on how the German and the English law consider the law of contract.The German Contract LawThe German contract law was basically formed from the BÃ ¼rgerliches Gesetzbuch abbreviated as BGB. This is the civil code that was developed in 1881 and became effective in 1900. The German contract act was passed in 1982 but the BGB remained to be the unification law of the entire land. The Germa n law has gone through many amendments since its implementation but the major ones were done in 2002.The law of obligation which forms part of the BGB’s five main parts was reformed. The law of obligation, which is found from sections 241 to 853, is one of the five major parts of the German law that deals with various forms of contracts (Beale, 2002). There are several principles in the German law that helps to define different contracts.First, we have the principle of separation which differentiates between obligatory contracts and those that occur on the actual transfer of property. The principle generally means that an individual who has the responsibility of transferring ownership of a certain property does not guarantee him/her ownership of such property; he/she simply has the right to demand that the property be transferred to the right person.Another important principle is the principle of separation. This principle differentiates between the contract of transfer of pr operty and the actual process of transferring such property. The principle requires that the rules stated by the owner should be strictly followed and treated separately.The principle of abstraction states that when the ownership of a property is transferred it is legally valid even if the obligatory contract is invalid. It is therefore clear that a mere obligation to transfer a certain property does not guarantee the transfer of such; it is the action of transfer that determines its validity. The two contracts are independent and follow separate rules as per the owner of the property.

Is drug testing an unwarranted invasion of employee privacy Essay

1. Is drug testing an unwarranted invasion of employee privacy? Applying for a job means that you are in conform to the rules and regulation of the company where you are applying. Once you have been accepted, part of that is the medical examination including the drug testing. If you are physically and medically fit, then you are hired. So, the question regarding unwarranted invasion of employee privacy is not relevant in this situation. You need the job so you have to submit yourself to the requirements of the company regarding drug testing. So, it means to say, that the employer has the rights to know the result of the drug testing for them to be able to qualify their employees for any promotion or acceptance to the company. 2. Which is more important—getting drugs out of the workplace or protecting the privacy of the employee? Once the employee is positive on drugs, the best thing is to eliminate or terminate the employee rather than having the employee on the workplace. As the saying goes, once there is a rotten thing in a certain place, in the long run it will make all the things in that place rotten. So, the best thing and the most important are to get the drugs out of the workplace rather than protecting the privacy of the employee. But judging the employee as drug dependent it has to be supported by documents stating that the employee is positive on drugs. 3. What about other health-threatening activities, i. e. smoking outside of working hours, unprotected sex, etc. – With the examples given, it is already outside the working hours of the employee and the company has no more control over those activities. An individual right of the person has to be considered in this matter. It is his/her prerogative to do those activities that will satisfy his/her needs as long as it will not affect his/her performance on his/her job. But once, the work is affected because of those health-threatening activities then I should say that the individual’s attention must be called or the company may give sanction regarding those offenses the employee may commit. The employee has the right to choose between the right and the wrong depends on what is best for him/her. 4. Should employers be allowed to use polygraph tests to â€Å"screen† out potentially costly employees who may engage in any of these activities? For the company’s benefit, the use of polygraph test to screen out potentially costly employee who may engage in those activities can be allowed. Using the polygraph tests will be of great expense on the part of the employer and the employee. Though it may give a great benefit on the part of the employer by screening the employees that they are going to hire and they are sure that the person who passed the polygraph test are people who can be trusted and will be an asset to the company. But the thing is, are the employees willing to submit themselves on the polygraph testing? An individual right again says that an individual has the right to refuse any test that has to be done to them. So, when they refuse, the employer can’t do anything about it but to agree with the employee. But if it is a company’s policy then the employee has to make a choice whether to continue or not to continue in applying in the said company.

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective ServicesThis paper discusses the role of child protective services in the life of immigrant minors who face abuse and neglect caused by their parents. Immigrant minors encounter considerable challenges because of the long-term adaptation in the new country. As parents are considered to be the primary caretakers of their children, they should bear responsibility for the development of them. Unfortunately, in many immigrant families, parents are maltreating their children. The professionals of child protective services are focused on providing protection from any negative factors that may cause damage to immigrant minors’ psychological, emotional and developmental well-being. The U.S. law guarantees protection from negative effects of environment and personal experiences, including child abuse and neglect.Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children of immigration face considerable challenges in the new country because of the long-term adaptation. Parents are considered to be the primary caretakers of their children. In many immigrant families, â€Å"parents are maltreating their children† (Lansford et al., 2009, p. 297). Children should be protected from any negative factors that may cause damage to their psychological, emotional and developmental well-being. The U.S. law guarantees protection from negative effects of environment and personal experiences, including child abuse and neglect. Child protective services (CPS) are an effective system of intervention of child abuse and neglect in the USA. The major goal of the CPS is to use the proper strategies in order keep the child in safety, and if the child is at risk in his /her home, to develop an effective plan to solve the existing problems. Immigrant children need support and protection. According to the CPS experts, â€Å"cultural competency with immigrant children and their families requires not just learning about culture, but also having an understanding of the process of migration, the reasons families migrate, and the process of acculturation and related family or marital stressors† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Official Website, 2014). Child protective services help immigrant minors to achieve cultural competence through effective practices.Child protective services: background information  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Child protective services (CPS) is a governmental agency specially developed to address the issues of child abuse and neglect. The responds provided by the child protective services agency are based on the established laws. This organization can be found practically in all states of the USA. Some organizations in the field of child protection are aimed at addressing family-centered issues, e.g. Department of Children Family Services and Department of Social Services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The CPS activity is focused on the established laws, including Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, Indian Child Welfare Act, Multi-Ethnic Placement Act, Adoption and Safe Families Act and other laws and regulations. Special attention is paid to the issues of child abuse and neglect, family violence, etc.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of child protection services is long. In the U.S., child protection had been included in social justice reform, which was launched in the 1800s (McDaniel Lescher, 2004, p. 32). The story of Mary Ellen Wilson was one of the first cases of child abuse that received wide publicity in the U.S. in 1875. The young girl who was abused by her caregivers involved public concerns. The concerned citizens wanted to help the child through the involvement of various organizations in New York City that provided various social services. As a result, legal assistance was obtained from American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) (McDaniel Lescher, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since that time, the scope of child protective services has increased. Due to the rapid growth of various types of child protective services, as well as the significant effects of various interventions in this field, healthy environment was created to produce accountability in decisions and actions taken by the organizations and general public (Klein-Rothschild Brittain, 2004, p. 494). Today a wide range of child protective services and interventions are aimed at making a difference, providing safety for children (McDaniel Lescher, 2004).   The CPS agents use the proper skills and abilities to enhance the well-being of children of different age groups, including immigrant minors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Actually, child welfare laws and policies developed and implemented in the USA and other countries help immigrant children exposed to domestic violence, no matter what country their parents have arrived from (Klein- Rothschild Brittain, 2004; Song, 2004).Today the professionals of child protective services thoroughly investigate all causal factors that lead to child abuse and neglect. The police have adopted to provide mandatory reporting procedures for any type of domestic violence that encounter in immigrant families. Besides, child protective services agents protect children from witnessing domestic violence (Song, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, the current rate of immigration requires effective child protective services initiatives and procedures. Many immigrant families move to the USA and other countries knowing nothing about the laws and regulations. The professionals of child protective services use the proper strategies to better understand the etiology of immigrant minors’ maltreatment. According to researchers, there are several predicting factors that can give explanation to child abuse and neglect by immigrant parents (Alaggia Maiter, 2013).   These factors include:Parent-related factors, such as the history of child abuse, personality traits, various psychological resources, etc. (Alaggia Maiter, 2013)Child-related factors, such as age of a child, some problems with physical health of a child, behavior patterns, personality type and temperament, etc.The effectiveness of community and social support networksNegative environmental factors that may create negative conditions, resulting in child abuse (Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 250).The professionals of child protective services take the above mentioned factors into consideration in order to find the most appropriate approaches to solving the existing problems. To have a better understanding of the strengths of immigrant families, child protective services are focused on the cultural aspects of each family. The professionals of child protective services realize that for immigrant families, â€Å"these so-called risk factors may be exacerbated by the process of migrati on and the associated psychological distress and settlement struggles that may arise† (Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 249). Undoubtedly, migration leads to serious psychological problems that may result in child maltreatment. The attitudes of immigrant parents toward their child’s obedience and corporal punishment may vary. The knowledge of existing cultural factors helps to better understand child abuse and neglect in immigrant families (Alaggia Maiter, 2013). According to researchers, â€Å"different families from a particular ethno-cultural group or from an immigrant group will exhibit differential behaviors, depending on their niche within this ecological framework†(Alaggia Maiter, 2013, p. 249).Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2

Freedom of Speech in China Essays

Freedom of Speech in China Essays Freedom of Speech in China Essay Freedom of Speech in China Essay Due to the increasing popular consumer societal networking platforms, Chinese â€Å"netizens† are sing freedom of address like they neer have, and despite heavy censoring, the thrust for freedom of address is greater than of all time. Currently one of the most popular societal media platform in China is Sina Weibo, a domestic micro-blogging service, which is embraced by many Chinese citizens, as a medium that allows persons to show their sentiments and positions without the barriers such as censoring that exists for traditional media ( Sullivan, 2014 ) . However its popularity raise the concern that while consumer societal media platform can alter the political scene of a state, it will besides finally see heavy limitations like traditional media platforms. This essay will be focused on the Chinese consumer societal media platform, in respects to measuring the effectivity of societal media at act uponing the push for freedom of address. : Started during the 1970s, China experienced rapid economic growing and contact with western political orientations, as a consequence it lead many persons to go progressively vocal sing their sentiments of the Chinese authorities. However, the cyberspace like all signifier of media, is to a great extent controlled and regulated by the authorities. Presently, multiple legislative, administrative and technological barrier are in topographic point as a consequence of Chinese government’s need to forestall the spread of unwanted information. This â€Å"Great Firewall of China† is celebrated for barricading off Chinese’s entree to many foreign societal media sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. On top of active authorities intercession, Chinese societal media suppliers self- censor their ain sites as portion of the legislative barrier the authorities put in topographic point to cut down the figure of unwanted information. Despite the apparently deficiency of co nnexion to the World Wide Web, the Chinese internet in itself is a big market, which many section that entreaty to ‘netizens’ of different demographic. Presently China have over 500 million active cyberspace user, and about all of them take parting in activities such as blogging, instant messaging and societal networking on a day-to-day footing, Weibo is one of the many societal media platform in China. It was release in 2009 as a microblogging service, overtime, maps such as messaging, private message, remark and re-post were added to promote communicating between users. Presently, it in one of the biggest micro-blogging site with over 100 million users, every bit good as over 5,000 companies and over 2,000 media organisations. Due to its popularity, it is frequently used by vocal persons to distribute political orientations, positions and political statements and information that the Chinese authorities position as unsafe to its authorization and stableness of its gov ernment. However, with the increasing popularity of societal media, it developed into a platform that is non merely as a method to link with people, but besides as a beginning of intelligence and information. In the modern society, information is highly of import as facts, histories, addresss, thoughts, narrations are of import purchase for autocratic authoritiess to keep their claims of authorization ( Sullivan, 2014 ) . Before the popularization of societal media amongst the Chinese â€Å"netizen† , the media plus is purely limited to the authorities, as the autocratic governments choice and command entree to the information that citizens are exposed to. Mass media platform such as telecasting and newspaper are particularly utile in information use, where alternatively of the imperativeness and the media reflecting world of society, they filter and shape it in a manner that is conformity to government’s docket, as â€Å"citizens rely upon the docket of outstanding objects and properties in their heads, the docket that is shaped to a considerable grade by the mass media† ( McCombs, 2002 ) . On top of this, the province owned media provide no manner for the citizens to pass on its involvement back, as such efficaciously doing media unidirectional ( Luo, 2014 ) . This ensures that public attending are focused on peculiar capable affair, and by pull stringsing the understand and point of views of citizens on the subjects, it ensures that the authorization of the authorities will non be destabilized, every bit good as guaranting its political legitimacy and its control over society. However, the addition in internet activity within the Chinese population besides basically changed the power distribution of the Chinese society. With societal media been a bipartisan communicating method, where the audience is provided with a huge sum of information and synergistic chances to prosecute with the content Godhead. The synergistic communicating capacity and de centralised nature of the Internet give more power to people whose dockets would non usually be reported by the major mass media. Anyone with entree to communicating engineerings can describe an event straight to the Web, thereby short-circuiting the hierarchal and elite-controlled traditional intelligence media.As a consequence the ‘top down’ construction where information are distributed by province owned media administrations is been easy removed, replaced by the co-creation of information, and sharing of thoughts, ‘news’ and information between ‘peers’, this lead to netizens jointly promote for attending on a popular subject, ensuing in a powerful sentiment discourse amongst the society, this increased force per unit area from its citizens forced the authorities to turn to their concerns and as such influence the policy determination procedure. Due to this displacement in power, the Chinese authorities is happening increased trouble in comm anding the dispersed political sentiments and point of views that are against the government’s docket. This redistribution of power in the Chinese society lead to many â€Å"netizens† to go progressively funny sing many of government’s actions, and societal media provides the perfect platform for the distribution of this information. This issue is discussed in Ethan Zuckerman’s â€Å"Cute Cat Theory† . Zuckerman province that societal media is ideal for Chinese citizen to voice their sentiment, as it is hard for the authorities to put censoring without impacting guiltless content, as due to the graduated table of affect, may really pull more attending to the capable affair and cause wider media attending ( Zuckerman, 2013 ) . This is particularly true in the instance of China, where despite the government’s best attempt to cut down the figure of content that put negative positions on the authorities by filtrating words and taking down articles and images, it merely increased the sum of attending these narratives are acquiring due to wonder. There are many cause to the ground why traditional censoring are inefficient in societal media communities. First, the velocity of information transportation is increased on societal media resulted from the ability for users resonate with certain topics and increases latent capacity, where the â€Å"users are inspired to make and portion content amongst preexistent audience in the signifier of friends and followers† ( Zuckerman, 2013 ) . Under traditional media platforms, many societal issues would neer be noticed on a big graduated table due to its slow rate, leting the easy control by the authorities, therefore leting them to pull less attending. However, over the past several old ages, on-line communities have increased attending sing issues such as corruptness within the Chinese province authorities, every bit good as extra societal issues such as income inequality and prejudice in the development of rural countries, because these issues are relatable by many persons, and been presented on a platform that consists of a wide user base, leting important latent capacity to happen. Second, traditional authorities censoring are mostly uneffective on societal media due to the assortment and fluidness of information transportation. As mentioned above, censoring frequently including filtrating of words, as a consequence, many people have come up ways to short-circuit this system. One such illustration is â€Å"River crab† , which in Chinese Mandarin is a homophone â€Å"Harmonization† , a mention to the Chinese censoring. Since the word is frequently filtered from public web paperss, â€Å"River crab† is adopted by many ‘netizen’ as a replacing, since authorities can non ban it due to its usage as a noun ( Gary King, Jennifer Pan and Margaret E. Roberts, 2013 ) . Overtime, these homophones become memes due to rapid spread every bit good as latent capacity mentioned earlier, ensuing in them rapidly deriving popularity. Memes such as â€Å"River crab† are frequently used by â€Å"netizens† in a satirical manner to knock the government’s actions, therefore non merely deriving unsusceptibility from censoring, but besides allow person who antecedently have small involvement in the subject to go involved in the affair. As mentioned earlier, due limited control the authorities can exercise onto the cyberspace, every bit good as increased handiness of cyberspace, societal media allows persons to link with other like-minded people over big distances, this belongings allows information to distribute on a much wider graduated table than traditional province controlled media platforms. When this is combined with the nature of societal media that allows â€Å"netizens† to freely show their positions in a timely mode, promoting the community to interact with each other sing positions, attitudes, feelings and emotions, precisely fulfilling their privation of self-expression. These qualities have brought many alterations to the Chinese society. Traditionally, Chinese society would seldom actively seek justness due to barriers and ruddy tape that are placed throughout assorted degree of the authorities hierarchy. However with the popularity of societal media, when people discover issues within the auth orities, they would turn to microblogs such as Sina Weibo, and organize communities to use force per unit area to the authorities, administrating some gloss of justice’ . This action have been referred to as ‘surrounding gaze’ , traditionally it would be mentioning to the indifference of crowds at public eyeglassess, nevertheless, non it is frequently used to depict a state of affairs where everyone is now a informant to the province and its agents’ actions. These claims are supported by legion illustrations of where on-line, citizen-led news media has generated political force per unit area via on-line public sentiment. Due to the changeless â€Å"surrounding gaze† societal media placed, it lead to a of the major alteration, which was the freedom of information Torahs which was put in topographic point to let citizens to entree certain antecedently censored information, which gave user entree to Web-site publication of authorities informations or publication of proposed Torahs in paperss such as the Federal Register or Congressional Record. This jurisprudence was made on the footing that the government’s information belonged to the people, as such a degree of transparence must be displayed by the authorities. As a consequence from this, more action were put in topographic point to supply cheque against authorities maltreatments. Together these Torahs have nourished democracy by curtailing authorities powers to keep back of import information. This information is accessible by both physical authorities offices, every bit good as published on the official web site and bulletins of assort ed authorities bureaus. As a consequence of these this increased transparence, authorities sections are besides became accountable for citizens enquiries sing their actions. While China is still in ownership of one of the most rigorous censoring system in the universe, there are big members of the society who are willing break the traditional barriers that restrict them from their right of free address. Due to the assorted advantages offered by societal media platform such as Weibo, these persons have eventually found a voice that allows them to show their sentiments and positions that are unpopular with the authorities, every bit good as an audience that can and willing to listen. The consequence is phenomenon, as Chinese authorities for the first clip in a long clip, provided a method that allows its citizen certain degree of transparence. In decision, societal media is an of import medium for speed uping the push for freedom of address, despite the assorted obstructions it may confront, every bit long as the flow of information is non been restricted, alterations will be made.

Maria Tallchief

Maria Tallchief Dates: January 24, 1925 - April 11, 2013Known for: first American and first Native American prima ballerinaOccupation: ballet dancerAlso known as: Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief, Betty Marie Tall Chief Maria Tallchief Biography Maria Tallchief was born as Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief and changed her name later to Europeanize it for career reasons. Her father was of Osage descent, and the tribe was the beneficiary of oil rights. Her family was well off, and she had ballet and piano lessons from age three. In 1933, pursuing opportunities for Maria and her sister, Marjorie, the Tall Chief family moved to California. Marias mother wanted her daughters to become concert pianists, but they were more interested in dance. One of Marias early teachers in California was Ernest Belcher, father of Marge Belcher Champion, wife and professional partner of Gower Champion. As a young teen, Maria, with her sister, studied with David Lichine and then with Bronislava Nijinska, who in 1940 cast the sisters in a ballet at the Hollywood Bowl that Nijinska had choreographed. After high school, Maria Tallchief joined the Ballet Russe in New York City, where she was a soloist. It was during her five years at the Ballet Russe that she adopted the name Maria Tallchief. While her Native American background led to skepticism about her talent by other dancers, her performances changed their minds. Her performances impressed audiences and critics. When George Balanchine became ballet master at the Ballet Russe in 1944, he took her as his muse and protege, and Maria Tallchief found herself in increasingly prominent roles which were adapted to her strengths. Maria Tallchief married Balanchine in 1946. When he went to Paris, she went as well and was the first American-born woman dancer to perform with the Paris Opera, in Paris and later with the Paris Opera Ballet in Moscow at the Bolshoi. George Balanchine returned to the US and founded the New York City Ballet, and Maria Tallchief was its prima ballerina, the first time an American had held that title. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Tallchief was one of the most successful of ballet dancers. She was especially popular and successful as and in The Firebird beginning in 1949, and as the Sugar Plum Fairy in The Nutcracker beginning in 1954. She also appeared on television, made guest appearances with other companies, and appeared in Europe. Having been trained by David Lichine early in her dance education, she played Lichines teacher, Anna Pavlova, in a 1953 movie. Tallchiefs marriage to Balanchine was a professional but not personal success. He began to feature Tanaquil Le Clerq in key roles, and he did not want to have children, while Maria did. The marriage was annulled in 1952. A brief second marriage failed in 1954. In 1955 and 1956, she was featured at the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, and in 1956 she married a Chicago construction executive, Henry Paschen. They had a child in 1959, she joined the American Ballet Theatre in 1960, touring America and the USSR. In 1962, when the recently-defected Rudolf Nureyev debuted on American television, he chose Maria Tallchief as his partner. In 1966, Maria Tallchief retired from the stage, moving to Chicago. Maria Tallchief returned to active participation in the dance world in the 1970s, forming a school connected with the Chicago Lyric Opera. When the school was the victim of budget cuts, Maria Tallchief founded her own ballet company, the Chicago City Ballet. Maria Tallchief shared duties as artistic director with Paul Mejia, and her sister Marjorie, also a retired dancer, became the schools director. When the school failed in the late 1980s, Maria Tallchief again became associated with the Lyric Opera. A documentary, Maria Tallchief, was created by Sandy and Yasu Osawa, to air on PBS in 2007-2010. Background, Family Father: Alexander Joseph Tall ChiefMother: Ruth Porter Tall Chief (Scots-Irish and Dutch ancestry)Siblings: one brother; sister Marjorie Tall Chief (Tallchief) Marriage, Children husband: George Balanchine (married August 6, 1946, annulled 1952); choreographer and ballet master)husband: Elmourza Natirboff (married 1954, divorced 1954; airline pilot)husband: Henry D. Paschen (married June 3, 1956; construction executive)daughter: Elise Maria Paschen (born 1959; poet, writing teacher) Education piano and ballet lessons from age 3Ernest Belcher, ballet teacher (father of Marge Champion)David Lichine, student of  Anna PavlovaMadame (Bronislava) Nijinski, sister of Vaslav NijinskyBeverly Hills High School, graduated 1942

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a detailed Research Paper

(Business information system) You are required to conduct a detailed on an organization's information system, analyze - Research Paper Example These included Europe, comprising all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The company heavily relies on IT and it has incorporated IT in its Market structure as a tool for successful implementation of it programs. This paper discusses and describes the Vodafone Group business organization structure with a focus on the role of IT in its business organization structure. Historical Background of Vodafone Group Vodafone Company started as a joint venture between Hambros Technology Trust Millicom and the subsidiary of Racal Electronics PLC’s strategic Radio Ltd in 1982 with its name being derived from a company’s goal of establishing data services and voice services over mobile telephone networks. Hence, its network was called Racal Vodafone (Saylor 56). The company was renamed Racal Telecom in 1988. In 1991, Racal Telecom became demerged from the Racal Electronics there is when the mobile telephony giant came i nto existence. In 1996, the company bought people phone and acquired 80% of the Astec Communication, a move that so it increase its shares of the UK mobile customers (Read 46). In 2000, the Group reverted its former name Vodafone Group PLC selling most of the manufacturing related operations. It made the first 3G Voice Call in 2001 on the Uk’s Vodafone 3G network. The company signed a partner agreement with the Mobikom Australia, and became introduced in the Icelandic market. In 2004, it went into an agreement with Luxembourg’s LuxGSM. The Group increased its participation in the Connex of Romania and purchased Czech mobile operator. The period between 2004 to date has seen the company expand through entering into partnership with various communication companies worldwide (Read 57). On the overall from 1980 to 1991, the company bore the name Racal Telecom Brand. Its name was change to Vodafone Group retaining this name from 1991 to 2000. Since 2000 till now, the compan y has retained the name Vodafone Group PLC (Thomson 43). Business Organization Structure of the Vodafone Group Since it was founded under the auspice of Vodafone Group plc, the Vodafone Company has realized drastic transformations. It has changed its brand from the Racal Telecom Brand to the Vodafone Group and finally the Vodafone Group PLC, alongside its organization structure. As of 9th December 2010, the company has retained a business organization that is all inclusive and diverse. This section describes the Group’s Organization structure as of 9th December 2010 to date. In regard to its operating companies, the Group has two operating regions reflecting the different geographies or different nature of assets, as well as to reflect the differences in development of the sector considering various economies. These included Europe, comprising all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The CEO (Michel Combel) is in charge of Europe region. For other regions, including businesses located in the Middle East, Africa and Asia, Fiji, Australia plus New Zealand, Nick Read is at the top as the Regional CEO. The Vodafone Group has other senior officials including the Group CFO, CEO and Strategy and Business Development Director. These officials are charged with the responsibility of effecting strategies for maximization of the shareholder value

Through her Play Trifles, What is Susan Glaspell Trying to Teach us Essay

Through her Play Trifles, What is Susan Glaspell Trying to Teach us About Traditional Gender Roles - Essay Example Women in most cases hence were not paid for the services they offered. They were charged with child rearing, cooking and ensuring that the house together with the compound were clean. At the same time women were to provide for the family especially in matters relating to clothing. They had to work very hard to make sure their husbands and children had something to wear hence in most cases they spent quality of their time sewing. Despite them accomplishing this entire task they were thoroughly beaten by their husbands even without a concrete reason to do so. These women were in real sense oppressed until one of the wives Mrs. Wright decided to free herself from the abuse. She planned to kill her husband and claimed that a stranger did it (Glaspell 11). Women were denied a chance to express leadership skills in several official positions. They were not involved in the process of voting within the society since voting was seen as men’s responsibility. At the same time women were not elected for any position in the Government. They were to listen and obey the men. In times of mistreatment, women were to keep it to themselves and not complain about it. The talents and abilities they had were wasted at home in the kitchen. Men didn’t allow their wives to exercise such powers in the society assuming that they were not worthy. At the same time husbands were afraid of being manipulated by women (Glaspell 20). Few women had chances to work in offices and in most cases they did low status job such as being secretaries and clerk. Women were paid very little wags to the extent that there was no specific minimum wage for them. Any important and executive work in the society was associated with men while the tiresome and little paying jobs were left for women. They were rarely given a chance to work as lawyers and physicians (Glaspell). Most women belonged to lower and medium class, this meant that they had to seek for men’s opinions in their duties. In t he play we see that women were knowledgeable since the two of them Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hale were in a position to discover the evidence that Mrs. Wright killed her husband (Glaspell 27). Since women were devalued in the society they decided to keep the secret in order to protect their fellow woman from the punishment of the law. The society limited the women’s talents and abilities. Minnie was a singer but she was denied a chance to express her talents. She was forced to perform household duties in stead of developing her passion. This made her to develop negative attitude towards her husband hence decided to free herself by committing murder of which she denied. The play shows that women could secretly plan things in order to free themselves. Women had sixth sense that enabled them to see things that men were not in a position to do see. They thought first hence made many quick discoveries. Having been oppressed for so long women decided to seek for their freedom. They prote ct each other from mishandling. This instinct made the women to have a different perspective towards the crime that one of them committed. Women planned to withhold the proof that sheriff and county attorney called for so as to set up a case for Mrs. Wright’s alleged crime (Glaspell). In conclusion societies that discriminate their women normally become underdeveloped since the active participation of their women is under utilized; hence whatever they could have

Contrast Safety in MRI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contrast Safety in MRI - Essay Example It is a Phase III study and has been done at multiple locations using a double blind procedure, where the interpretation was done by two independent readers who had access only to the images obtained. According to the authors this study is the first of its kind as it was performed as a multicenter study at twelve centers in seven different locations in Europe and on three different kinds of imaging equipment from different manufacturers. The concept of single and triple rate of dosage has also been evaluated for the first time. A wide variety of statistical tools and software have been used which have yielded significant results. 105 patients were chosen for the trial and divided into two groups. At the initiation of the trial only 80 were short listed. 43 of them (81%) were chosen for the single-dose group I (0.1mmol/Kg body weight) and 37 (71%) for the triple-dose group II (0.3 mmol/Kg). All these patients had a history of ischemic and coronary heart disease, thrombosis, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and/or diabetes mellitus. The results of MRA of these two groups administered two different doses of Gadodiamide were compared with those of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The main effectiveness parameter for comparison of the two dose groups analyzed was the contrast index (CIx), which was calculated from the signal intensities measured in the regions of interest in the abdominal aorta at the aortic bifurcation and 2 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the main stenosis. The difference in degree of stenosis was analyzed overall and for three categories. Category I consisted of stenosis of 69% or less; category II, stenosis between 70% and 99%; and category III, occlusions. The independent investigators compared the pre contrast MR angiographic, post contrast MR angiographic, and DSA data Post contrast MR angiography resulted in a diagnosis modification in 70% and 72% of

The Managerial Aspects B2B E-Commerce Research Paper

The Managerial Aspects B2B E-Commerce - Research Paper Example The most effective method of discussion and understanding the multitudes of studies conducted on sales and marking the inclusion of theories and technology would be in the fact that we must first divide the process into manageable segments. Those pieces include divisions between retailers, wholesalers and manufacturers and through corporate operations. The vast majority of the literature would be concentrated from the year 2000 through to the present, more than likely as advances in computer and other electronic technology has managed leaps and bounds in both affordability and availability. This is especially true for markets across the country. The several research pieces brought into this literature review would in fact be between the years 2000 and 2006 and would focus on the ability for technological innovation of E-commerce and its effects on supply chain management to enhance sales and marking in a variety of sales and marking settings in general and specifically on the industr y of security relating to E-commerce. (Mentzer, 2001) One recognizable difference would be in the fact that literature which remains in the time span since the turn of the century would, in fact, be the speed, the accessibility and the overall development of systems and the internet itself. (Nissanoff, 2006) These elements, as they become more and more integrated into daily life outside of the consumers must be both understood by management and integrated into their sales and marking processes and procedures to keep the potential customers as well as the managements current in their information capacities.

Informal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Informal report - Essay Example They have recorded a steady increase in revenue, gross profit, income used in operation and net income in the past four years. Currently they have standing revenue of $ 476,294 million; $ 118,225 million gross profit; $ 26,872 million operating income and; $16, 022 million net incomes (Wal-Mart). Wal-Mart has over forty senior officers led by Doug McMillon as the President and CEO Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Its home office is found on 702Sw 8th street Bentonville, in the US. They employ over 2.2 million employees globally. Each time a new supercenter is erected, approximately 300 job opportunities are created. Most employees/ associates begin as hourly associates with between $ 50,000-170,000 as yearly income, but over time get promotion to jobs with more responsibility and higher pays (Wal-Mart). Wal-Mart is, therefore, undoubtedly the best fortune 500 company to consider in this search of a job opportunity. It is a big company that allows for diversity thus can accommodate one’s specialties in the job market along with a promising

Architectural ACOUSTICS-The Athens Concert Hall Dissertation

Architectural ACOUSTICS-The Athens Concert Hall - Dissertation Example ......... p. 34 eiv. †¦................ p. 36 F. THE ATHENS CONCERT HALL †¦................ p. 38 fii. †¦................ p. 39 fiii. †¦................ p. 40 G. CONCLUSIONS †¦................ p. 40 gi. †¦................ p. 40 REFERENCES †¦................. p. 43 B. ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS bi Acoustics represents the scientific discipline whereby the construction of the building can be influenced in the initial design stages to maximize desired audio qualities, while minimizing unwanted noise. As such various items will be discussed throughout this analysis describing mechanisms for the isolation of sound from where it is not wanted, as well as other strategies to amplify desired sounds within the specified areas of the structure. The characteristics of architectural acoustics is characterized by fundamental rules which have stood the test of time. Design rules in the past were relatively simple, but as the science of acoustics advances a greater c omplexity is permitted in architectural designs, with the potential of room acoustic simulations and newer analytical tools integrated for the improvement of the old techniques. With the proper understanding acoustic design can meld with standard architecture as an integral component of the overall design process, rather than an intrusive addendum. During the course of this analysis, there are many opportunities where an approach grounded in physics would be possible, but the focus in this instance will represent structural choices more than pure mathematics. Mathematics are included as necessary for comparison purposes, but the number of equations used will be limited. As the physics of architecture has its purpose, but there are a wide range of design choices which might prove equally viable from a purely scientific standpoint, but the architect must render aesthetic and stylistic choices in some cases, as well as a consideration for efficiency. There are many structures possible based upon pure physics, but financial considerations, as well as the preferences of the presumed occupants eliminate certain choices made valid from the perspective of pure science. The architect's role is to bridge the gap between pure aesthetics and hard mathematics. One equation will be included as an example, but there are many avenues the architect may choose from, and this analysis will diminish the role of physics in favor of economic considerations; as well as those concerning appearance. bii. Acoustics are an essential process even for structures not specifically dedicated towards the enhancement or amplification of particular types of sounds. Clearly, optimization of certain sounds are critical for concert halls and opera houses, which require specialized engineering to optimize the abilities of peripatetic performers playing within the structures1, but acoustics are also essential as even for more mundane structures such as office buildings or homes. The principal object ives for these buildings is to permit sound transmission with in the same enclosed area – often from one person to another. Yet at the same time as unwanted noises from outside the building or enclosed room should be impeded as much as possible. This fundamental principle could also extend to opera houses and concert halls, but with more specialized requirements. However, it may not be desirable to completely cancel all external noises from an interior room, for the sake of emergency information. The noise from an alarm or an explosion should be audible within an enclosed room so that

Informal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Informal report - Essay Example They have recorded a steady increase in revenue, gross profit, income used in operation and net income in the past four years. Currently they have standing revenue of $ 476,294 million; $ 118,225 million gross profit; $ 26,872 million operating income and; $16, 022 million net incomes (Wal-Mart). Wal-Mart has over forty senior officers led by Doug McMillon as the President and CEO Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Its home office is found on 702Sw 8th street Bentonville, in the US. They employ over 2.2 million employees globally. Each time a new supercenter is erected, approximately 300 job opportunities are created. Most employees/ associates begin as hourly associates with between $ 50,000-170,000 as yearly income, but over time get promotion to jobs with more responsibility and higher pays (Wal-Mart). Wal-Mart is, therefore, undoubtedly the best fortune 500 company to consider in this search of a job opportunity. It is a big company that allows for diversity thus can accommodate one’s specialties in the job market along with a promising

Gastric Bypass Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gastric Bypass - Term Paper Example Gastric bypass has also been determined to be more effective than dieting in case of diabetic patients. In addition, other conditions such as sleep apnea, asthma, high blood pressure, gastroesophageal disease and heart disease risk have also found to improve with weight loss. However, the surgery is also associated with many risks. Hence, following a gastric bypass, an individual will be able to feel lighter and more efficient (Bhimji). Gastric bypass surgery is mainly performed to help people reduce weight only in case of obese people who are unable to lose weight through diet and exercise. However, this bypass surgery does not guarantee permanent weight loss as both diet restrictions and exercise should be continued even after surgery. The surgery is mainly recommended for individuals who are mentally strong with an inclination to reduce weight and stay healthy and who do not consume alcohol or other drugs. In addition, their body mass index (BMI) should be more than 40 as these in dividuals tend to have a 100 pound excess weight than others. In cases where the BMI is 35 or more and if the individual suffers from problems such as apnea, diabetes and heart problems surgery is recommended for these individuals (Bhimji). Any type of gastric bypass surgery involves two basic steps: the stomach is first shortened into a shorter upper region, which is referred to as a pouch, and a larger lower section with the help of staples and then a bypass is made between the lower end of the jejunum of the small intestine and a hole created in the pouch. As the jejunum is the region of the small intestine that connects it to the stomach, food entering the small pouch of the stomach will now enter the jejunum bypassing the remaining larger portion of the stomach (Bhimji). There are two major types of gastric bypass surgery, the most commonly performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) and extensive gastric bypass surgery (biliopancreatic diversion). The first type of surgery involv es connecting the pouch region of the stomach with the lower end of the jejunum thus bypassing the duodenum and the initial portion of the jejunum. This procedure is now effectively carried out by laparoscopy, which is a less invasive procedure involving smaller incisions and the recovery time is also rapid (Goldstone). Thinner surgical instruments are passed via a laparoscope to carry out the bypass. Both the hospital stay and the recovery period are quicker along with the advantage of reduced pain and lesser scars from the surgery (Bhimji). The extensive bypass procedure is a more complicated surgery in which the lower portion of the stomach is removed completely and the small pouch region of the stomach is directly connected to the last segment of the small intestine thereby bypassing both the duodenum and the jejunum regions. While this method aids in weight loss more effectively, it is also associated with nutritional deficiencies to the lack of absorption of important nutrient s (Goldstone). Both the above surgeries are carried out under general anesthesia. Following the surgery the size of the stomach will be considerably reduced and satiety levels will be reached with lesser food intake (Bhimji). Despite the various advantages associated with the surgery, it also suffers from several risks encountered either during the surgery or post-surgery. The risk of surgery increases if the individual is unable to walk even for short distances, in case

Social Enterprises for Community Development

Social Enterprises for Community Development Provide an account of the history of the emergence of social enterprise and community development in the U.K. Social enterprise is a social mission driven organisation which essentially trades in the goods or services for a uniquely social purpose. These social enterprises aim to achieve their objectives in not only financial but also in the social and environmental. They are profit making ventures set up to attempt to acknowledge the environmental and social need. The reason that these enterprises are unique is due to their central purpose being either social or environmental. These social enterprises are more interested in generating profit in order to further their environmental or social goals. In all industrialised countries, there is a growth in the social enterprise sector which is also known as the ‘non profit sector’ (Defourny 2001, p.1) or third sector situated in between private and public sector. These organisations are representative of the renewed expression of a civil society among an economic crisis, difficulties which are facing the welfare state and the weakening of social bonds in society. Social enterprise is considered as comprising co-operatives, mutual’s (Credit Unions) and voluntary organisations (charities and foundations). Many of these categories were founded in the last century and they play an important part in the economic landscape. Social enterprise can be traced back as far as the 1840’s in Rochdale, where the first workers’ co-operative was founded to provide affordable, quality food in a response to exploitative factory conditions. It was in the mid 1970’s when these social enterprises began to emerge into the mainstream. They had already been active in other areas and began to come to the forefront with increasing economic difficulties deepening and it was against this background that the interests in other economic organisations became strongly reactivated. It was the late 1990’s that a resurgence in social enterprise was experienced in the UK, with different traditions coming together. These organisations are strongly rooted in solid and long standing traditions as most of these organisations had already existed for more than a century and had been constantly growing. The first agency in the UK, was Social Enterprise London (SEL) which was established in 1998 between co-operative businesses and a number of co-development agencies. From this the British government in 2002 launched a unified Social Enterprise Strategy and established a Social Enterprise Unit (SEnU) to help implement it in England and Wales. From this policy development has been increasingly influenced by the organisations in the non profit sector. There are now many organisations which are classed as social enterprises, John Lewis, The Eden Project, The Big Issue and Jamie Oliver’s restaurant – Fifteen. Identify two models of good practice existent in the U.K. There are three characteristics of social enterprises as defined by Social Enterprise London: Enterprise Orientation – directly involved in producing the goods or providing services to a market, seeking to be viable trading organisations with an operating surplus Social Aims – explicit social aims such as job creation, training or the provision of local services. Ethical values are important and they are accountable to their members and the wider community for their social, environmental and economic impact Social Ownership – they are autonomous organisations with governance and ownership structures based on participation by stakeholders or by trustees. The profits are distributed as profit sharing to the stakeholders of used to benefit the community. Two such models of good practice existent in the UK are Jamie Oliver’s restaurant – Fifteen and The Big Issue. Jamie Oliver’s restaurant Fifteen was opened in London in 2002. This was inspired by Oliver and was broadcast on TV. Its name is derived from the first cohort of fifteen young people. Oliver has combined two ambitions – to open a top class restaurant and to give disadvantaged youth a chance to gain the professional training they require to set them up to be independent, inspired and to have a chance at a productive life. It is a registered charity as well as a commercial business and it a chef apprenticeship for 18 to 24 year olds. It is indeed a social enterprise offering a produce with a purpose, a high end dining experience where the best of produce is prepared by great chefs and served by professional people. Its main purpose is the empowerment of young disadvantaged people, giving them a second chance to establish themselves in the restaurant industry. With the success of the London restaurant it has also been established in Amsterdam, Cornwell and Melbourne, with their own foundation and apprenticeship schemes. The strength of the Fifteen brand as of one of the leading global social enterprises. Jamie Oliver is passionate about this issue and wants to help young adults to be able to have prospects for the future. The Big Issue exists as a social enterprise to offer homeless and vulnerably housed people a chance to earn a legitimate income. It is one of the UK’s leading social businesses, which continues to help those in need earn an legitimate income. It was launched in the UK in 1991 by Gordon Roddick and A. John Bird as a response to the amount of rough sleepers in London. The main aim behind this is to help people help themselves and the founders were determined to offer an alternative to begging. I n November 1995, The Big Issue Foundation was launched with the aim to deal with the underlying issues which cause homelessness. The founder’s definition of success is encouraging and influencing people to make life changes positively. The organisation is made up of two entities, a limited company which produces and distributes the magazine to the street vendors and a registered charity which exists to help those same vendors gain control of their lives. The vendor must prove that they are homeless or vulnerably housed, undergo an induction process and sign up to the organisations code of conduct. Asses the significance of such schemes in terms of: a) the development of social policy b) their contribution to the national economy (500 words). The development of social policy Development of social policy is influenced by our beliefs, interests and values. Social policy is the guidelines for changing, the maintenance or creation of living conditions which are conductive to human welfare. It is part of public policy which has to do with social matters. Social policy aims to improve on human welfare, and to meet the need for health, housing, education, and social security. It also refers to policies affecting the social condition under which we live. Other important areas of social policy include: health insurance, unemployment benefit, accident insurance, labour regulation etc. Policy teams are set up in some organisations to be actively involved in influencing public opinion and the decision makers at all levels to make sure that social enterprises remain high on the UK’s policy agendas. The social enterprise organisations work together to strive to improve the business environment and they identify any barriers to growth and advise both government and public bodies on practical solutions as well as develop papers etc. Social enterprises are able to contribute to the creation of a greater impartiality of economic power and a more sustainable society. The aims of these groups is to be recognised and supported for their contributions. Alongside the development of social policy, these groups also aim to raise the awareness and understanding of social enterprise among both politicians and society. They work to influence the political parties and to ensure that social enterprise is both understood and supported. Their contribution to the national economy Social enterprise organisations by using solutions to develop not for profits aims hold a distinct role in helping to create a strong, sustainable, inclusive and prosperous society. These organisations play an important role in helping to deliver to the national economy by helping to drive up competitiveness and productivity, contributing to a socially inclusive wealth create, the enablement for communities and individuals to work together to regenerate their local neighbourhoods, showing new ways of delivering public services and helping to develop active citizenship and an inclusive society. With the presence of a non profit sector, this is an indicator of a healthy economy in local and national financial measurements depending on its size. With growing numbers in the non profit sector, which are focused on the environment, education, social services etc, the non profit sector is central to the health and well being of society. The non profit sector is an excellent outlet for society’s labour and skills. Social enterprise organisations such as Fifteen or The Big Issue have been set up to give people a chance. They are increasingly taking people off the streets and redeveloping their talents into marketable entities especially in the case of Fifteen, who give underprivileged young people the opportunity to train to be the best they can and to contribute to society and the economy, instead of collecting their benefit each week and being a drain on society. The Big Issue offers those without adequate housing the opportunity to earn an income to better themselves and to make the individuals feel better about themselves. Using examples from a chosen organisation compare and contrast some of the values and principles underpinning social enterprise and community development. The Eden Project. The Eden Project was constructed in a 160 year exhausted china clay quarry near St. Austell, Cornwell and was established as one of the Landmark Millennium Projects to mark the year 2000. It is an educational charity which consists of a world class visitor attraction, a botanical garden and a unique regeneration venture. The Eden Project, like its plants are continually growing and developing. The Eden Project reports to a board who then report to the trustees, to ensure that they are meeting their charitable aims. The Project is owned by a registered charity – The Eden Trust and is operated on behalf of the Trust by Eden Project Limited, a subsidiary who wholly by the Eden Trust. The Eden Project, as an educational charity, uses exhibits, workshops, events and educational programmes to educate people to what nature gives to us and to help people learn how to look after it in return. All the monies raised by the Project are returned to the Trust to further the aims. The programmes include work with schools, colleges etc as well as any individuals who want to learn about nature. The organisation believes in learning by doing and to find positive solutions for the future. The project enforces all three of the characteristics of social enterprise as laid down by Social Enterprise London. Enterprise orientation, The Eden Project is directly involved with providing a service to the marketplace – educated individuals about nature and how to protect and nurture it. They are also producing goods, i.e. bio domes, wind turbines etc to help develop ways of saving the environment. They have explicit social aims, in that through the Project jobs have been created as well as a environmentally friendly structure. They provide educational training to those who either want or require it. The Eden Project believe in their ethical values and see them as important to all and they are accountable to their members through both their board and their trustees. The Project is also accountable to the wider community in the teaching and also the producing of produces which are helpful both to them and the wider community. The Eden Project are an autonomous organisation which has governance and ownership structures which are based on participation by the teams reporting to the board who in return report to the trustees. They exist through donations and are a major consumer of goods and services in the Cornwell area, therefore keeping the local economy striving, which in itself is a benefit to the local community. The project feel that it is important to give those who have not previously afforded it, or those with other issues a chance to experience nature. They also provide with Cornwell College an opportunity for local people to work towards a qualification. Provide an evaluation of your own learning together with evidence of transferable skills which have been used in this assignment. These should include communication, teamwork problem solving and self management. To evaluation learning which has been used in this assignment, a number of factors need to be assessed. On the approach to the assignment I had to use my communication skills in order to firstly understand what I had been asked to do within the five tasks. This communication also helped me regarding research and analysis skills on using the internet and to evaluate the data which I had sourced. Self management has also been evident in that I had to plan both the assignment and the time management so as to not get behind schedule on the issues which I had to investigate. Team work problem solving was not an issue as I can work well both within a team and on my own and it was just a matter of assigning different tasks.   References Borzaga, C., Defourney, J., (2001) The Emergence of Social Enterprise, Routledge Burch, H.A., Michaels, D.G., (1991) They Why’s of Social Policy: Perspective on Policy, Praegar Publishers Spreckly, F., (1981) Social Audit – A Management Tool for Co-operative Working, Local Livelihoods http://www.sel.org.uk/ Social Enterprise London

Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life Essay -- Science

Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life When I look up at the stars at night, I just have to wonder who or what is looking back at me from some distant planet in some distant galaxy. We’ve all probably wondered what lies beyond our small, self-contained little world. The question many have pondered is whether or not there is intelligent life beyond earth. In the words of Metrodorus, a Greek philosopher of the fourth century, "To consider the Earth as the only populated world in infinite space is as absurd as to assert that in an entire field of millet, only one grain will grow." I believe that intelligent extraterrestrial life does exist. Critics of the theory of intelligent life beyond earth will argue that there is no such thing because they’ve never seen a "little green man." There are those who want proof of extraterrestrial life before they can accept the fact that there is any life besides what is on our Earth. They have a point. I’ve never seen an alien. I’ve never talked to anyone whose had a "close encounter." Sure, we’ve all seen the shows on TV with convincing footage of flying saucers, but we have no actual proof of intelligent life dependent from earth. It is true that we have no evidence of intelligent life beyond earth, but to claim that none exists because we’ve never seen aliens is like saying that the atom doesn’t exist because you can’t see one. We who have a grasp of our physical surroundings, and a basic knowledge of chemistry realize that the atom is the basic building block of matter. Those who say that there is no intelligent life other than our own need to realize several things. First, our universe is infinite. This leaves literally infinit... ...ence, why is our government so concerned about it? Although we can’t prove the existence of intelligent life beyond earth, it is very likely that it does exist. When one considers the vast infinite universe we live in, it would be completely foolish to believe that life on earth is unique. It is not just me who says that other intelligent life exists, though. Many scientists and philosophers have speculated about life on other planets for centuries, and today the search for life is a major driving factor in space exploration. Extraterrestrial life is not just an idea reserved for those who watch The X-files every night with all the lights out, it is an important concept in our current space-age, and to ignore the fact that extraterrestrial life would be like those of our ancestors who refused to believe that the world was round.

Breaking Up Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about myself

It should have been raining. It almost always rains in the movies when girls get their hearts broken. When that young man with a bittersweet smile and â€Å"I’m sorry† eyes shows up on the doorstep; telling his sweetheart that he is going off to war or beginning a battle with a fatal disease. Instead here I am: the blundering heroine of my own crazy film, with a script that seems to have a few gaping holes where all the witty lines are supposed to be. In the hot, sticky passenger seat of a black ’02 Grand Am, subconsciously capping and uncapping an Ice Mountain water bottle, listening to my boyfriend jumble up a bunch of words that eventually translate into: it’s over. C’est fini. He stops talking and takes a deep, shuddering breath and I realize that it’s my cue to talk. He’s waiting for me to say something along the lines of: â€Å"Sure Matt, I totally agree with you. I think it’s a great idea to end this relationship that I have put my whole being into for two years. I’m so relieved that you brought it up first, seeya around and good luck with all your future chicks.† I look out the...

Aristotle & Mill on Capital Punishment

Aristotle & Mill’s Opinion on Capital Punishment Brianna Lelli Hugh Miller Paper #2 Topic #4 October 17th 2011 Capital Punishment is a moral controversy in today’s society. It is the judicial execution of criminals judged guilty of capital offenses by the state, or in other words, the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws can date back to the Eighteenth Century B. C. and the ethical debates towards this issue have existed just as long. There is a constant pro-con debate about this issue, and philosophers like Aristotle and Mill have their own take on this controversy as well.Aristotle is against capital punishment, while Mill believes it is morally permissible. Let me start off with Aristotle. In the Nicomachean Ethics book there isn’t a chapter dedicated to his position on capital punishment, but as a whole, we get an idea of his position against it. For example when he says, â€Å"every state of soul is naturally related to and about whatever naturally makes it better or worse; and pleasures and pains make people base, from pursuing and avoiding the wrong ones, at the wrong time, in the wrong ways, or whatever other distinctions of that sort are needed in an account.These bad effects of pleasure and pain are the reason why people actually define the virtues as ways of being unaffected and undisturbed by pleasures and pains. †(Book 2, 3. 11) Aristotle knows it’s in people’s nature to know right from wrong, and people strive to be virtuous because that is the highest good. Virtuous actions are what people strive for, however they sometimes do the opposite. These actions are called â€Å"vices† which can basically fall into the same category as â€Å"capital crimes† or â€Å"capital offenses† which are the crimes that can be penalized by death.Aristotle believes that no matter how terrible a person acts, they have the potential to overcome it and become virtuous. Everybody has the c apacity to do well and achieve happiness according to Aristotle. People achieve this happiness through their actions and decisions, and we make these decisions by reasoning. Aristotle’s beliefs about human character are almost down to a science. Everything we do has a reason why, and every living being has the capacity to reason. Some people reason to be virtuous but others are vicious and commit crimes such as rape, murder, and treason, ect.Aristotle believes in punishing these heinous crimes, but more importantly, reforming those who commit these offenses through corrective treatments. He believes that since everybody has the capacity to be virtuous, that everybody has the capacity to reason and reform from mistakes. Aristotle would hate to see a person with such potential in life be sentenced to death just because of a bad mistake. He believes the one who did the crime still has a value in society and does not deserve to die.In accordance to Aristotle’s ethics, it w ould never be morally permissible to kill somebody who still has potential to be virtuous, no matter what circumstance. Aristotle believes vicious acts should be punished with fair and equal penalties. He has a whole theory on justice, which is where we get the basis of his ideas towards capital punishment. In his opinion, the death penalty can never be thought of as morally permissible because it is immoral, unconstitutional, and irrevocable. John Stuart Mill, on the other hand, does not share this belief.He is in support of the death penalty for multiple reasons. A major topic Mill focuses on is human nature. He believes all humans know the difference between what’s right and what’s wrong, but he thinks it’s in human’s nature to want to sin and break the law. People want to break the law just because it’s there. That is part of being a human. Sinning is the wrong thing to do, while the right thing to do is whatever produces the most good. Whether people chose to sin or strive for ultimate ends of pleasure, they will be rewarded or punished for their decisions.In Mill’s Utilitarianism, he says â€Å"With many, the test of justice in penal infliction is that the punishment should be proportioned to the offence; meaning that it should be exactly measured by the moral guilt of the culprit (whatever be their standard for measuring moral guilt): the consideration, what amount of punishment is necessary to deter from the offence, having nothing to do with the question of justice, in their estimation. † (IV, 49) Which basically means that the punishment must fit the crime.Mill has an â€Å"eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth† standpoint. If a person commits a terrible crime, they are nowhere near reaching a desirable end, nor do they have capacity to be virtuous, as Aristotle would say. If somebody is guilty of murder, then life in jail is too mild of a punishment for the crime he committed. It goes the othe r way around too. If somebody is guilty of theft, then life in jail may be too hard of a punishment for that particular crime. Mill believes the only efficient punishment is one that is exactly equal to the crime.He doesn’t think a murderer should be allowed to live on with the potential to murder again. Another thing Mill focuses on is general responses among a society. He believes the only way to find desirable pleasure is to ask people and get a general response. So if you asked the family of a murder victim what they would like to see happen to the murderer, a probable general response would be to have him sentenced to death as well, and that is exactly what should happen. We know that Aristotle would oppose capital punishment and Mill is in support of it.Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, both their idea’s are just opinions of what is morally permissible. The thing about â€Å"morals† is that they can mean something different to everybody. They a ren’t a part of human nature; morals are brought up through experience and surroundings. Aristotle and Mill lived in very different times. Perhaps Mill had a personal experience where he dealt with proper punishment, which could have shaped what he felt was fair or moral. The same can be said for Aristotle. Even today, the debate about capital punishment exists.Many factors go into people’s side of the argument they’re on. Almost any argument can be shifted to support each side of the capital punishment debate. So you have to consider what was important in society during Aristotle’s lifetime around 330 B. C. and Mill’s lifetime in the late 1800’s. It’d be quite shocking if the two philosophers shared beliefs on this side since they are from two completely different worlds. Another thing to consider is the definition of â€Å"morally permissible†, because permissible doesn’t always mean right.For instance, just because Mi ll believes it’s morally permissible to have capital punishment, that doesn’t necessarily mean he would kill every person he felt did something vicious. Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, they just based their morals on their experiences. Aristotle’s main concern is virtue, and if a person has capacity to be virtuous, their life should never be ended no matter the circumstance, whether they’re ill, old, handicapped, or even vicious. Mill has the eye for an eye stand point and feels all punishment should fit the crime equally.In today’s society we see a little bit of both Aristotle and Mill’s theories when it comes to capital punishment. It is not typically our method of punishment in our time, however it does exist if the crime is serious enough. Personally, I agree with Mill more on this issue, just because I think it’s fair to get appropriate punishment, but like I said, it all comes down to the morals of the individual. What happens in the world around us shapes our values and morals. Opinions are never wrong, and neither are morals.