Effects Of Technology On Society s Society - 1246 Words

Effects of Technology on Society Many years ago, historians believe the future would be an amazing technologically advanced place filled with robots and time traveling. But today no one seems to be shocked by all of the advancements (Negative Effects of Technology). The computers are controlling minds, and humans are acting more as robots than citizens. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic improvement in the development and use of technology. Workplaces have gone from handwritten records to storing all information on computers. Cell phones are available at immediate disposal to contact anyone, friend or foe. But the impact computers and cell phones are leaving on society may not be for the best. There are many benefits and downfalls that the rapid increase of technology has had on society. There are many benefits to using computers. Through computers, information about any topic is available at the immediate disposal to just about anyone. The use of computers in the workplace has also increased productivity (Markgraf). Employees can process information rapidly and distribute it widely at low cost by entering data on computer screens and transmitting it digitally to recipients (â€Å"Technology in society†). Many businesses are using computers to keep records of their customers. For example; banks use computers for maintaining accounts; they even allow customers to access accounts at home through online banking (Rehman). Hospitals also use theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesWell, how about a day without bullying, depression, and impolite people? Now that is a day most would probably wish for. Society wants to have causes these wretched events, but doesn’t want to accept that what they want is the main ca use of these issues; technology. The lack of interaction that has come along with technology is what is causing severe downfalls in today’s society. This lack of interaction is causing this fall due to its harm of social skills, its harm on people’s enjoyment of lifeRead MoreTechnology s Effect On Society971 Words   |  4 PagesAs People Rely More And More On Technology To Solve Problems, The Ability Of Humans To Think For Themselves Will Surely Deteriorate Technology has always changed world’s face and in one view makes the life easier for humans. In these few decades, technology has a lot of progress and now more than before people live in an electronic jungle. The human’s nature is a powerful engine for people to look for more shortcuts in the life. As the society depends on technology more and more to find an answerRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet Technology On Society s Society Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Overusing Technology Technology is a powerful tool in today’s society. Most people own some sort of technology and use it on a daily basis, whether it be a cell phone, computer, GPS, or a tablet. Technology helps us in many different ways by being able to complete tasks easier, and be connected to people we cannot see daily. Text messages, emails, apps like Snapchat, Skype, or FaceTime helps us stay connected to people far or near. Wireless internet has allowed internet accessRead MoreTechnology s Negative Effect On Society932 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology’s Negative Effect on Society Mankind has had a yearning for knowledge since the dawn of time, causing giant technological leaps. At the dawn of the new millennium technology thrived, and since then, technology has taken our world in a completely different direction than anyone could have imagined. Just like everything else, people have their own opinions and they either like, or dislike what technology has brought into our lives. If we look at the idea of technology from both sides, it isRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesLike an addict waiting for their next high, society has become more and more dependent on social media. One must realize, while the use of social media in today’s society is a necessity due to the fast-paced environment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimila te in a society dominated by social media. The actions ofRead MoreA critical analysis of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury1334 Words   |  6 PagesTechnological Advancements Ray Bradbury s novel, Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953, depicts a grim and also quite feasible prediction of a futuristic world. In Bradbury s technology-obsessed society, a clear view of the horrific effects that a fixation for mindlessness would have on a civilization shows through his writing. Being carefree is encouraged while people who think outside the box are swiftly and effectively removed. The technology Bradbury s society is designed to keep the people uninformedRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society871 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is technology? Is it the tool that propels humanity forward or is technology the cuffs that hold the everyday man from leaving his own comfort. Or is technology more than a tool, more than a mechanical device? Ray Bradbury s Works are known 4 expanding technology and using speculative fiction to reveal the way technology is consuming the everyday person. but what if Ray Bradbury was never talking about technology and its effect on socie ty with society s effect on technology? It is assumedRead MoreThe Horizon s Setting 2020 Strategy1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmost recent two years, specifically inside of the European Commission s Science in Society program, in the Horizon s setting 2020 Strategy. We give a brief verifiable diagram of the idea, and distinguish three particular components that are rising up out of related talks. The principal is an accentuation on the equitable administration of the reasons of exploration and advancement and their introduction towards the right effects . The second is responsiveness, underscoring the joining and regulationRead MoreThe Current State Of Culture And Society1642 Words   |  7 PagesProjections that have been made about how today’s society and culture will look in the coming years, decades, and centuries, all have yet to be seen in how valid they are. If you look in any sort of media: television, social media, or radio/music, you will see people giving their interpretations of what will become of our world down the road. Yet, few people look to see how our the current state of culture and society reflect the projections made by people in previous years, decades, and centuriesRead MoreThe Internet s Effect On State Society Relations979 Words   |  4 PagesThreatened To Reinvent Society† by Tom Vanderbilt. The essay focuses on how the concerns about social effects of the internet and technology existed in the past and today’s situation is not different. Internet, similar to telephone in the past raised some questions regarding the social effects but we don’t have to worry. It opposes the main concept of all other sources regarding effects of technology. The seventh article is, â€Å"Weighing the Scales: The Internet s Effect on State-Society Relations† by Daniel

Educational Program Lecture For Adults Based On Classroom...

This is an observation report on an educational program lecture for adults based on classroom teacher performance. The lecture was delivered by a very skillful teacher. The teacher effectively stimulated the class, by respecting the diversity of the learning environment, the diversity of the class, stayed focused on the lecture, contexts and class objectives. The heart and soul of the lecture was the teacher’s rapport with the students, delivery, audio-visual, video, diversity and interaction between the teacher and students. The teacher realized that learning is dependent on the learner as an individual, and how credible and authentic the teacher’s lecturer is to the person. The teacher evoked the emotions and curiosity in the students to ‘stretch’ their minds using critical thinking, keeping them focused and engaged. The teacher demonstrated the golden rule, â€Å"Tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, and tell them what you†™ve told them,† (Brookfield, 2015, p.80). The teacher introduced the objectives, explained the topic, and recapped the lecture. Keywords: teacher, lecture, rapport, audio-visual, classroom environment, respect, interaction OBSERVATION OF AN EDUCATION PROGRAM Before I observed the teacher’s Classical Mythology class, I looked up information about Classical Mythology and demigods during that century. I received the teacher’s Course Syllabus (see Appendix A), Class Schedule, (see Appendix B), CLAS2481.Fall.2016: Quiz 1, (see Appendix C).Show MoreRelatedInnovative Strategies For Adult Nursing Students Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesproduction of new knowledge was just not going to cut it. To acquire improved patient outcomes, new knowledge is needed in the classroom and clinical area. These new forms needed to be effectively implemented across all areas of the care team within the same context, and the outcomes needed to be measurable and bring a meaningful impact on the health outcome performances. 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Ashoka the Great Free Essays

string(136) " Susima planned the execution of the unborn child; however, the assassin who came to kill Devi and her child killed his mother instead\." Ashoka From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia â€Å"Asoka† redirects here. For other uses, see  Ashoka (disambiguation). |Ashoka the Great | |Mauryan  Samrat | |[pic] | |A Chakravatin (possibly Ashoka) first century BC/CE. We will write a custom essay sample on Ashoka the Great or any similar topic only for you Order Now Andhra Pradesh, | |Amaravati. Preserved at Musee Guimet | |Reign |273-232 BC | |Coronation |270 BC | |Full name |Ashoka Bindusara Maurya | |Titles |Samrat. Other titles include Devanampriya Priyadarsi, | | |Dhammarakhit, Dharmarajika, Dhammarajika, Dhammaradnya, | | |Chakravartin, Samrat, Radnyashreshtha, Magadhrajshretha, | | |Magadharajan, Bhupatin, Mauryaraja, Aryashok, Dharmashok, | | |Dhammashok, Asokvadhhan , Ashokavardhan, | | |Prajapita,Dhammanayak, Dharmanayak | |Born |304 BC | |Birthplace |Pataliputra,  Patna | |Died |232 BC (aged 72) | |Place of death |Pataliputra,  Patna | |Buried |Ashes immersed in theGanges  River, possibly | | |atVaranasi,  Cremated  232 BC, less than 24 hours after death | |Predecessor |Bindusara | |Successor |Dasaratha Maurya | |Consort |Maharani Devi | |Wives |Rani  Tishyaraksha | | |Rani  Padmavati | | |Rani  Kaurwaki | |Offspring |Mahendra,Sanghamitra,Teevala, Kunala | |Royal House |Mauryan dynasty | |Father |Bindusara | |Mother |Rani Dharma or Shubhadrangi | |Religious |Buddhism, Humanism | |beliefs | | Ashoka  (Devanagari: ,  IAST:  Asoka,  IPA:  [a o? k? , 304–232 BC), popularly known as  Ashoka the Great, was an  Indian  emperor  of the  Maurya Dynasty  who ruled almost all of the  Indian subcontinent  from 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India’s greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquests. His empire stretched from present-dayPakistan,  Afghanistan  in the west, to the present-day  Bangladesh  and the Indian state of  Assam  in the east, and as far south as northern  Kerala  andAndhra. He conquered the kingdom named  Kalinga, which no one in his dynasty had conquered starting from  Chandragupta Maurya. His reign was headquartered in  Magadha  (present-day  Bihar, India). 1] He embraced  Buddhism  from the prevalentVedic  tradition after witnessing the mass deaths of the  war of Kalinga, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across  Asia  and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of  Gautama Buddha. Ashoka was a devotee of  ahimsa  (nonviolence),  love,  truth,tolerance  and  vegetarianism. Ashoka is remembered in history as a  philanthropicadministrator. In the  history of India  Ashoka is referred to as  Samraat  Chakravartin  Ashoka- the Emperor of Emperors  Ashoka. His name â€Å"asoka† means â€Å"without sorrow† inSanskrit  (a= no/without, soka= sorrow or worry). In his  edicts, he is referred to as Devanampriya (Devanagari: )/Devana? iya  or â€Å"The Beloved Of The Gods†, and Priyadarsin (Devanagari: )/Piyadassi  or â€Å"He who regards everyone with affection†. Another title of his is Dhamma (prakrit: ), â€Å"Lawful, Religious, Righteous†. Renowned  British  author and  social critic  H. G. Wells  in his bestselling two-volume work,  The Outline of History  (1920), wrote of emperor Ashoka: In the history of the world there have been thousands of kings and emperors who called themselves ‘their highnesses,’ ‘their majesties,’ and ‘their exalted majesties’ and so on. They shone for a brief moment, and as quickly disappeared. But Ashoka shines and shines brightly like a bright star, even unto this day. Along with the  Edicts of Ashoka, his legend is related in the later second century  Asokavadana(â€Å"Narrative of Asoka†) and  Divyavadana  (â€Å"Divine narrative†), and in the  Sri Lankan  text  Mahavamsa(â€Å"Great Chronicle†). After two thousand years, the influence of Ashoka is seen in  Asia  and especially the  Indian subcontinent. An emblem excavated from his empire is today the national  Emblem of India. In the  History of Buddhism  Ashoka is considered just afterGautama Buddha. |Contents | |  [show] | Biography Early life |[pic] |This article  needs additional  citations  for  verification. | | |Please help  improve this article  by adding  reliable references. Unsourced | | |material may be  challenged  and  removed. (January 2009) | Ashoka was born to the  Mauryan  emperor  Bindusara  and his Queen ‘Dharma’ (although she was a  Brahmin  or Shubhadrangi, she was undervalued as she wasn’t of royal blood). Ashoka had several elder siblings (all half-brothers from other wives of Bindusara). He had just one younger sibling, Vitthashoka (a much loved brother from the same mother). Because of his exemplary intellect and warrior skills, he was said to have been the favorite of his grandfather  Chandragupta Maurya. As the legend goes, when Chandragupta Maurya left his empire for a  Jain  living, he threw his  sword  away. Ashoka ound the sword and kept it, in spite of his grandfather’s warning. Ashoka, in his adolescence, was rude and naughty. He was a fearsome hunter. He was akshatriya  and was given all royal military trainings and other  Vedic  knowledge. According to a legend, he killed a Lion with just a wooden rod. Ashoka was very well known for his sword fighting. He was very adventurous and this made him a terrific fighter. Ashoka was a frightening warrior and a heartless general. Because of this quality he was sent to destroy the riot of  Avanti. Rise to power [pic] [pic] Maurya Empire  at the age of Ashoka. The empire stretched from  Iran  to  Bangladesh/Assam  and from  Central Asia  (Afganistan) to  Tamil Nadu/South India. Developing into an impeccable warrior general and a shrewd statesman, Ashoka went on to command several regiments of the Mauryan army. His growing popularity across the empire made his elder brothers wary of his chances of being favored by  Bindusarato become the next emperor. The eldest of them,  Susima, the traditional heir to the throne, persuaded Bindusara to send Ashoka to quell an uprising inTaxshila, a city in the north-west District of Pakistani Punjab region, for which Prince Susima was the Governor. Taxshila was a highly volatile place because of the war-like Indo-Greek population and mismanagement by Susima himself. This had led to the formation of different militias causing unrest. Ashoka complied and left for the troubled area. As news of Ashoka’s visit with his army trickled in, he was welcomed by the revolting militias and the uprising ended without a conflict. (The province revolted once more during the rule of Ashoka, but this time the uprising was crushed with an iron fist) Ashoka’s success made his stepbrothers more wary of his intentions of becoming the emperor and more incitements from Susima led Bindusara to send Ashoka into exile. He went intoKalinga  and stayed there incognito. There he met a fisher woman named  Kaurwaki, with whom he fell in love. Recently found inscriptions indicate that she would later become either his second or third queen. Meanwhile, there was again a violent uprising in  Ujjain. Emperor Bindusara summoned Ashoka out of exile after two years. Ashoka went into Ujjain and in the ensuing battle was injured, but his generals quelled the uprising. Ashoka was treated in hiding so that loyalists of the Susima group could not harm him. He was treated by  Buddhist  monks and nuns. This is where he first learned the teachings of the  Buddha, and it is also where he met Devi, who was his personal nurse and the daughter of a merchant from adjacent Vidisha. After recovering, he married her. It was quite unacceptable to Bindusara that one of his sons should marry a Buddhist, so he did not allow Ashoka to stay in  Pataliputra  but instead sent him back to Ujjain and made him the governor of Ujjain. The following year passed quite peacefully for him, and Devi was about to deliver his first child. In the meanwhile, Emperor Bindusara died. As the news of the unborn heir to the throne spread, Prince Susima planned the execution of the unborn child; however, the assassin who came to kill Devi and her child killed his mother instead. You read "Ashoka the Great" in category "Papers" Ashoka beheads his elder brother to ascend the throne. In this phase of his life, Ashoka was known for his unquenched thirst for wars and campaigns launched to conquer the lands of other rulers and became known as Chandashok (terrible Ashoka), the Sanskrit word  chanda  meaning cruel, fierce, or rude,  Chandi-devi being associated with  Kali. Ascending the throne, Ashoka expanded his empire over the next eight years, from the present-day boundaries and regions of  Burma–Bangladesh  and the state of  Assam  in India in the east to the territory of present-day  Iran  /  Persia  and  Afghanistan  in the west; from the  Pamir  Knots in the north almost to the peninsular of  southern India  (i. e. Tamilnadu  /  Andhra pradesh). Conquest of Kalinga Main article:  Kalinga War While the early part of Ashoka’s reign was apparently quite bloodthirsty, he became a follower of the  Buddha’s teaching after his conquest of Kalinga on the east coast of India in the present-day state of  Orissa. Kalinga was a state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy. With its monarchical parliamentary democracy it was quite an exception in ancient Bharata where there existed the concept of  Rajdharma. Rajdharma means the duty of the rulers, which was intrinsically entwined with the concept of bravery and  Kshatriya  dharma. The pretext for the start of the  Kalinga War  (265 BC or 263 BC) is uncertain. One of Susima’s brothers might have fled to Kalinga and found official refuge there. This enraged Ashoka immensely. He was advised by his ministers to attack Kalinga for this act of treachery. Ashoka then asked Kalinga’s royalty to submit before his supremacy. When they defied this diktat, Ashoka sent one of his generals to Kalinga to make them submit. The general and his forces were, however, completely routed through the skilled tact of Kalinga’s commander-in-chief. Ashoka, baffled at this defeat, attacked with the greatest invasion ever recorded in Indian history until then. Kalinga put up a stiff resistance, but they were no match for Ashoka’s brutal strength. The whole of Kalinga was plundered and destroyed. Ashoka’s later edicts state that about 100,000 people were killed on the Kalinga side and 10,000 from Ashoka’s army. Thousands of men and women were deported. Buddhist conversion |[pic] |This article  needs additional  citations  for  verification. | | |Please help  improve this article  by adding  reliable references. Unsourced | | |material may be  challenged  and  removed. (March 2009) | [pic] [pic] A similar four â€Å"Indian lion† Lion Capital of Ashoka atop an ntact  Ashoka Pillar  at Wat U Mong near Chiang Mai,  Thailandshowing another larger  Dharma Chakra  /Ashoka Chakra  atop the four lions thought to be missing in the Lion Capital of Ashoka at  Sarnath Museum  which has been adopted as the  National Emblem of India. As the legend goes, one day after the war was over, Ashok a ventured out to roam the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. This sight made him sick and he cried the famous monologue: What have I done? If this is a victory, what’s a defeat then? Is this a victory or a defeat? Is this justice or injustice? Is it gallantry or a rout? Is it valor to kill innocent children and women? Do I do it to widen the empire and for prosperity or to destroy the other’s kingdom and splendor? One has lost her husband, someone else a father, someone a child, someone an unborn infant†¦. What’s this debris of the corpses? Are these marks of victory or defeat? Are these vultures, crows, eagles the messengers of death or evil? The brutality of the conquest led him to adopt Buddhism and he used his position to propagate the relatively new religion to new heights, as far as ancient Rome and Egypt. He made Buddhism his state religion around 260 BC, and propagated it and preached it within his domain and worldwide from about 250 BC. Emperor Ashoka undoubtedly has to be credited with the first serious attempt to develop a Buddhist policy. [pic] [pic] Ashokan Pillar at  Vaishali Prominent in this cause were his son VenerableMahindra  and daughter  Sanghamitra  (whose name means â€Å"friend of the Sangha†), who established Buddhism in Ceylon (now  Sri Lanka). He built thousands of Stupas and Viharas for Buddhist followers. The Stupas of Sanchi are world famous and the stupa named  Sanchi Stupa  was built by Emperor Ashoka. During the remaining portion of Ashoka’s reign, he pursued an official policy of  nonviolence  (ahimsa). Even the unnecessary slaughter or mutilation of people was immediately abolished. Everyone became protected by the king’s  law  against sport hunting and branding. Limited hunting was permitted for consumption reasons but Ashoka also promoted the concept of vegetarianism. Ashoka also showed mercy to those imprisoned, allowing them leave for the outside a day of the year. He attempted to raise the professional ambition of the common man by building universities for study, and water transit and irrigation systems for trade and agriculture. He treated his subjects as equals regardless of their religion, politics and caste. The kingdoms surrounding his, so easily overthrown, were instead made to be well-respected allies. He is acclaimed for constructing hospitals for animals and renovating major roads throughout India. After this transformation, Ashoka came to be known as Dhammashoka (Sanskrit), meaning Ashoka, the follower of Dharma. Ashoka defined the main principles of dharma (dhamma) as nonviolence, tolerance of all sects and opinions, obedience to parents, respect for the Brahmans and other religious teachers and priests, liberality towards friends, humane treatment of servants, and generosity towards all. These principles suggest a general ethic of behaviour to which no religious or social group could object. Some critics say that Ashoka was afraid of more wars, but among his neighbors, including theSeleucid Empire  and the Greco-Bactrian kingdom established by  Diodotus I, none could match his strength. He was a contemporary of both  Antiochus I Soter  and his successor  Antiochus II Theos  of the Seleucid dynasty as well as  Diodotus I  and his son  Diodotus II  of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom. If his inscriptions and edicts are well studied one finds that he was familiar with the Hellenic world but never in awe of it. His edicts, which talk of friendly relations, give the names of both Antiochus of the Seleucid empire and  Ptolemy III  of  Egypt. The fame of theMauryan  empire was widespread from the time that Ashoka’s grandfather  Chandragupta Mauryadefeated  Seleucus Nicator, the founder of the Seleucid Dynasty. [pic] [pic] Stupa of  Sanchi. The source of much of our knowledge of Ashoka is the many inscriptions he had carved on pillars and rocks throughout the empire. Emperor Ashoka is known as Piyadasi (in  Pali) or Priyadarshi (in  Sanskrit) meaning â€Å"good looking† or â€Å"favored by the gods with good blessing†. All his inscriptions have the imperial touch and show compassionate loving. He addressed his people as his â€Å"children†. These inscriptions promoted Buddhist morality and encouraged nonviolence and adherence to Dharma (duty or proper behavior), and they talk of his fame and conquered lands as well as the neighboring kingdoms holding up his might. One also gets some primary information about the Kalinga War and Ashoka’s allies plus some useful knowledge on the civil administration. The Ashoka Pillar at  Sarnath  is the most popular of the relics left by Ashoka. Made of sandstone, this pillar records the visit of the emperor to Sarnath, in the third century BC. It has a four-lion capital (four lions standing back to back) which was adopted as the emblem of the modern Indian republic. The lion symbolizes both Ashoka’s imperial rule and the kingship of the  Buddha. In translating these monuments, historians learn the bulk of what is assumed to have been true fact of the Mauryan Empire. It is difficult to determine whether or not some actual events ever happened, but the stone etchings clearly depict how Ashoka wanted to be thought of and remembered. Ashoka’s own words as known from his  Edicts  are: â€Å"All men are my children. I am like a father to them. As every father desires the good and the happiness of his children, I wish that all men should be happy always. Edward D’Cruz interprets the Ashokan dharma as a â€Å"religion to be used as a symbol of a new imperial unity and a cementing force to weld the diverse and heterogeneous elements of the empire†. Also, in the Edicts, Ashoka mentions Hellenistic kings of the period as converts to Buddhism, although no Hellenic historical record of this event remain: The conquest by  Dharma  has been won here, on the borders, and even six hundred  yojanas  (5,400–9,600 km) away, where the Greek king  Antiochos  rules, beyond there where the four kings named  Ptolemy,  Antigonos,  Magas  andAlexander  rule, likewise in the south among the  Cholas, the  Pandyas, and as far as  Tamraparni  (Sri Lanka). —Edicts of Ashoka,  Rock Edict  13 (S. Dhammika) Ashoka also claims that he encouraged the development of  herbal medicine, for human and nonhuman animals, in their territories: Everywhere within Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi’s [Ashoka’s] domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the  Cholas, the  Pandyas, the Satiyaputras, the Keralaputras, as far as  Tamraparni  and where the Greek king  Antiochos  rules, and among the kings who are neighbors of Antiochos, everywhere has Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, made provision for two types of medical treatment: medical treatment for humans and medical treatment for animals. Wherever medical herbs suitable for humans or animals are not available, I have had them imported and grown. Wherever medical roots or fruits are not available I have had them imported and grown. Along roads I have had wells dug and trees planted for the benefit of humans and animals. —Edicts of Ashoka,  Rock Edict  2 The Greeks in India even seem to have played an active role in the propagation of Buddhism, as some of the emissaries of Ashoka, such as  Dharmaraksita, are described in  Pali  sources as leading Greek (Yona) Buddhist monks, active in spreading Buddhism (the  Mahavamsa, XII[2]). Death and legacy Ashoka ruled for an estimated forty years. After his death, the Mauryan dynasty lasted just fifty more years. Ashoka had many wives and children, but many of their names are lost to time. Mahindra  and  Sanghamitra  were twins born by his first wife, Devi, in the city of  Ujjain. He had entrusted to them the job of making his state religion, Buddhism, more popular across the known and the unknown world. Mahindra  and  Sanghamitra  went into  Sri Lanka  and converted the King, the Queen and their people to Buddhism. They were naturally not handling state affairs after him. In his old age, he seems to have come under the spell of his youngest wife  Tishyaraksha. It is said that she had got his son  Kunala, the regent in  Takshashila, blinded by a wily  stratagem. The official executioners spared Kunala and he became a wandering singer accompanied by his favourite wife  Kanchanmala. In  Pataliputra, Ashoka hears Kunala’s song, and realizes that Kunala’s misfortune may have been a punishment for some past sin of the emperor himself and condemns Tishyaraksha to death, restoring Kunala to the court. Kunala was succeeded by his son,  Samprati, but his rule did not last long after Ashoka’s death. The reign of Ashoka Maurya could easily have disappeared into history as the ages passed by, and would have had he not left behind a record of his trials. The testimony of this wise king was discovered in the form of magnificently sculpted pillars and boulders with a variety of actions and teachings he wished to be published etched into the stone. What Ashoka left behind was the first written language in India since the ancient city of  Harappa. The language used for inscription was the then current spoken form called  Prakrit. In the year 185 BC, about fifty years after Ashoka’s death, the last Maurya ruler,  Brhadrata, was assassinated by the commander-in-chief of the Mauryan armed forces,  Pusyamitra Sunga, while he was taking the Guard of Honor of his forces. Pusyamitra Sunga founded the  Sunga dynasty(185 BC-78 BC) and ruled just a fragmented part of the Mauryan Empire. Many of the northwestern territories of the Mauryan Empire (modern-day Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan) became the  Indo-Greek Kingdom. When India gained independence from the  British Empire  it adopted Ashoka’s emblem for its own, placing the  Dharmachakra  (The Wheel of Righteous Duty) that crowned his many columns on the  flag  of the newly independent state. In 1992, Ashoka was ranked #53 on  Michael H. Hart’s  list of the most influential figures in history. In 2001, a semi-fictionalized portrayal of Ashoka’s life was produced as a motion picture under the title  Asoka. King Ashoka, the third monarch of the Indian Mauryan dynasty, has come to be regarded as one of the most exemplary rulers in world history. The British historian H. G. Wells has written: â€Å"Amidst the tens of thousands of names of monarchs that crowd the columns of history †¦ the name of Asoka shines, and shines almost alone, a star. â€Å" How to cite Ashoka the Great, Papers

Learning Outcomes

Question: Write an essay on "Critical Thinking and Managerial Decision-Making". Answer: Introduction The course was a great learning experience for me. The contents of the course will not only help me in decision-making but would also support me in my day to day life. The capacity to think rationally and clearly with a focused vision makes a huge difference in the results. The skills of critical thinking are not just confined to a particular subject or any one area, but it has a much broader perspective. It can be effectively implemented in several decision-making situations and could result in a better and a much efficient outcome. The approach helps in analysing the situation not on assumptions, but based on the facts, observations and experiences and thus reaching an appropriate conclusion. Learning Outcomes Any decision-making process is initiated by two types of thinking. These are automatic and critical thinking. I would admit that before taking the course, I used to take my decisions based on the assumptions in lesser time for which I may have to repent later. But now I strongly analyse the situation based on the critical thinking and subsequently reach any decision. The analysis takes more time, but the final decision is definitely a better one with lesser flaws. The ten tools of clarity and the inductive and deductive thinking helps me in analysing different situations (Hoeksema, 2010). The vital difference that I observe in myself is taking decisions based on experiences, facts and observations rather than assumptions. The ten tools of clarity act as a vital parameter for critical thinking. It lays emphasis on utilising the experiences and further staying focused. Further, it lays emphasis on inspection and its purpose. The other tools discuss the significance and the need. The to ols also talk about foreseeing and devising a backup plan. An ingredient diagram is also prepared for the analysis of the situation. This gives a better picture of the current scenario and the conclusions. Vision also acts as a crucial tool for evaluation and may be used initially as well as in the later stage. This helps in setting the goals and objectives. The thinking coach is the last tool for clarity used during evaluation. The Prospect Theory as proposed by Kahneman and Tversky in the year 1979 also discusses the behavioural aspect of the decision maker who escalates between the alternatives available (Muralidhar, 2006). The decision-making procedures may vary depending on the different situations. They may be simple, complex, complicated, chaotic and unclear. Decisions can be made easily if there is a single person responsible. However, it becomes difficult to delegate one person for decision making. It is very crucial to identify the needs before taking the decision. Risk as sessment is also vital before reaching the decision. It is also studied that self-awareness is the key to good leadership. It is very important to know personal Feelings, attitudes, motives, strengths, weaknesses, and desires. The Johari Window proposed by Luft and Ingham in 1955 is a technique to understand the connection with oneself and others (Shenton, 2007). Self-esteem and self-efficacy are two terms associated with self-awareness. The concept of emotional intelligence cannot be ignored while discussing the self-awareness. The theory of Games and Economic behaviour was proposed by Neumann and Morgenstern in the year 1944. The various situations, conditions of the players and other parameters are evaluated in the theory (Einy Shitovitz, 2003). Psychological contracts were also an important part of learning in the course. They are beliefs laid on promises, related to an exchange agreement between a person and the organisation. There are six features of these contracts. They are a voluntary choice, trust in agreement, multiple contract makers, incompleteness, managing the losses in case of failures and the contract acting as the model of the employment contract (Ellis, 2007). The psychological contracts can be classified into three different types. These are relational, transactional and hybrid contracts. The relational contract is based on trust and loyalty from both the parties. In the transactional contracts both the parties are restricted to the terms and condition. The hybrid contract is a perfect balance of the relational and the transactional contracts. However, the most important part of the contract is that it is successful where both parties are contented at the end. Today, I am not only confident about my own decision, but I am also able to influence others in decision making. Critical thinking has turned out to be beneficial for me in many aspects. While evaluating any situation, I reach a conclusion by implementing the basic components of refl ective thinking which are a reflection, analysis and the planning (Murdoch, 2010). It is not just confined to any particular area of management, finance, research, education or legal professions, but it can be utilised to solve our personal problems related to our day to day lives also. The evaluative approach not only helps in analyzing the situation considering all the parameters but also helps in reaching the most appropriate conclusion. In the present era of globalisation where the economies are guided by the information and technology, it becomes very crucial for individuals to tackle the changes effectively. There is a higher demand for people possessing flexible intellectual skills and their ability to gather information and scrutinise it critically to reach a substantial decision which proves to be beneficial for everyone. Since critical thinking helps in developing such skills, it is also required by companies at their workplaces. Needless to say, this skill has helped me i n gaining a lot of confidence due to the improved skills. My personality has evolved from earlier, and I have become an altogether new person due to these skills. It has helped me in improving my language and expression of ideas. I have acquired better presentation skills, and people listen to me with much more interest. I have become a much more creative person than I was before. The innovative approaches of reaching solutions and justifying them with facts and figures have made me a better speaker with people having trust in me. It also acts as an efficient tool for self-evaluation. It helps me in working on my weak points and finally improving them for a better outcome. My entire overview of presuming things and further acting on them has changed. The critical thinking exercise of analyzing problems has given me a different perspective (Hannel Hannel, 1998). I have developed a skill of coming up with multiple apt solutions for problems which help me in reaching a viable decision . I have learned to carry my feelings and expressions in a better manner and not influenced by others. I have also become a more emotionally intelligent person (Austin, 2002). The video diary experience had also given me many learning outcomes. It is a perfect reflective process and a very good stress buster. Every time I watch the video, I relive the entire experience again. It is much more emotional and more healing than writing. It is observed that it is powerfully therapeutic about going through the past experiences with own eyes after so many years. Additionally, it is much easier as compared to writing. The video could be stored for years and would give the same feel, even after watching it after so long. It also helps in improving my communication skills. I can easily catch my flaws in communication while watching the video diary and can work on overcoming them. Conclusion The course module was a great learning experience indeed. It not only increased my knowledge frame but also transformed me into a new person. The skills learned all through the course would help me in my future endeavours. I would not only utilize them at my work but also in my personal life. The critical thinking has given me a new perspective of taking things and ways of handling them. I do not panic over problems now and have become a much calmer person than I was before. I would definitely use my enhanced presentation skills in my workplace for better results. In the end, I would conclude that the course has changed my way of taking things to a great extent. References Austin, E. (2002). Emotional Intelligence in Everyday Life.Intelligence,30(4), 393-394. Einy, E. Shitovitz, B. (2003). Symmetric von NeumannMorgenstern stable sets in pure exchange economies.Games And Economic Behavior,43(1), 28-43. Ellis, J. (2007). Psychological Contracts: Does Work Status Affect Perceptions of Making and Keeping Promises?.Management Communication Quarterly,20(4), 335-362. Hannel, G. Hannel, L. (1998). The Seven Steps to Critical Thinking: A Practical Application Of Critical Thinking Skills.NASSP Bulletin,82(598), 87-93. Hoeksema, J. (2010). Peering belowground with increasing clarity: elucidating belowground processes with cutting-edge tools.Plant Soil,331(1-2), 1-3. Muralidhar, A. (2006). Modern Prospect Theory: The Missing Link Between Modern Portfolio Theory and Prospect Theory.SSRN Electronic Journal. Murdoch, D. (2010). Self-Directed Learning Needs Critical Thinking Component.Women In Higher Education,19(3), 25-25. Shenton, A. (2007). Viewing information needs through a Johari Window.Reference Services Review, 35(3), 487-496.